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Eng 220
Masterpieces of World Literature
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Age of Pericles | The golden age of Athens in the fifth century B.C.E. when Pericles (C. 495-429 B.C.E.) was the head of the Athenian government. During this period, Athenian democracy was at its apex; the Partheon was constructed and drama and music flourished. |
| Ahimsa | The Buddhist belief that all life is one and sacred, resulting in the principle of nonviolence toward all living things. |
| Allegory | A narrative in which the characters, settings, and episodes stand for something else. |
| Alliteration | The repetition of the same consonant sound or sounds in a sequence of words, usually at the beginning of a word or stressed syllable: "descending dew drops"; "luscious lemons." |
| Brahman | In the UPANISHADS -sacred Hindu texts-Brahman is the ultimate reality, the single unifying essence of the universe that transcends all name and descriptions. A Brahman, or Brahmin, is also a Hindu priest. Highest caste in Hindu caste system. |
| Brahmanic period | The period in ancient India (c. 1000-600 B.C.E.), i which VEDIC society was dominated by Brahmins and every aspect of Aryan life was under the control of religious rituals. [Ramayana] |
| Brahmin | The priestly caste, the highest in the traditional Hindu caste system; a Hindu priest.....(see Brahman) |
| Buddhism | A religion founded in India in the sixth century B.C.E. by Siddharta Gautama, the Buddha. While Buddhism has taken different forms in the many areas of the world to which it has spread, its central tenet is that life is suffering caused by desire. |
| Nirvana | In Buddhism, salvation achieved by practicing right action and right mindfulness. |
| Caliph | The chief civil and religious leader of a Muslim state, as a successor of Muhammad. |
| Caliphate | Both the reign or term of a caliph as well as area over which he rules. |
| Bible | A collection of writings sacred to Christianity made up of the Hebrew Scriptures (old testament), containing the history, teachings, and literature associated with Jesus of Nazareth and his followers. |
| Catharsis | Meaning "purgation," or the release of the emotions of pity and fear by the audience at the end of a tragedy. |
| Chorus | In Greek tragedies, a group of people who serve mainly as commentators on the play's characters and events, adding to the audience's understanding of a play by expressing traditional moral, religious and social attitudes. |
| confucianism | A religious philosophy that has influenced the Chinese and East Asian spirituality and culture for more than two thousand years. Based on the writings of Confucius(Kongfuzi) 500-479 B.C.E. It asserts that humans can improve and even perfect themselves thr |
| Christianity | A world religion founded in the Palestine in the first millennium C.E. upon the teachings of Jesus Christ, whose followers believe he is the Messiah prophesied in the Hebrew Scriptures(Old Testament). |
| Islam | A world religion founded in the seventh century C.E. on the teachings of the prophet Muhammad, whose followers believe that the Qur'an (Koran), the holy book of Islam, contains the revelations of Allah. |
| Epic | A long narrative poem told in a formal, elevated style that focuses on a serious subject and chronicles heroic deeds and events important to a culture or nation. It usually includes a supernatural dimension, like the Gods in Homer. |
| Heroic Poetry | Narrative verse that is elevated in mood as uses a dignified, dramatic, and formal style to describe the deeds of aristocratic warriors and rulers. (The Odyssey, The Iliad) |
| Hyperbole | A figure of speech; using overstatement or extravagant exaggeration. |
| In medias res | Literally, "in the midst of things"; a term used to characterize the beginning if epic poems, which typically start at a crucial point far along in the story. Earlier details are conveyed by means of flashbacks and digressions. |
| Jen(Ren) | As a basic element of CONFUCIANISM, jen means "benevolence" or "love for fellow humans"; Mencius (fourth century B.C.E.) argued that all humans are endowed with jen. |
| Lyric | Originally, poetry composed to the accompaniment of a lyre (a string musical instrument). By extension, lyric is any poetry that expresses intense personal emotion in a manner suggestive of a song, as opposed to narrative poetry that relates the events of |
| Tragedy | A dramatic or literary form originating in Greece that deals with serious human actions and issues. The actions are meant to create feelings of fear and compassion in the spectator that are later released (catharsis). |
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