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P & A short
Personality and Abnormal Psychology short review
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
| Structuralism | Breaks consciousness into elements by using introspection |
| Titchener | Structuralism theorists |
| Functionalism | stream of consciousness; studies how mind functions to help people adapt to environment; attacked structuralism |
| James and Dewey | Functionalism theorists |
| Behaviorism | Psychology as objective study of behavior; attacked mentalism and the use of introspection; attacked structuralism and functionalism |
| Watson and Skinner | Behaviorism theorists |
| Gestalt | Whole is something other than the sum of its parts; attacked structuralism and behaviorism |
| Wertheimer, Kohler, Koffka | Gestalt theorists |
| cognitive | behaviorism is not an adequate explanation for human behavior; humans think, believe are creative |
| Chomsky | Cognitive theorist |
| Psychoanalysis | Behavior is a result of unconscious conflicts, repression, defense mechanisms |
| Freud, Jung, Adler | Psychoanalysis theorists |
| Humanism | looks at people as wholes, humans have free will; psychologists should study mentally healthy people, not just mentally ill or maladjusted ones |
| Maslow & Rogers | humanism theorists |
| Adler, A. | Psychodynamis theorist best know for the concept of inferiority complex |
| Allport, G. | Trait theorist known for the concept of functional autonomy; also distinguished between idiographic and nomothetic approaches to personality |
| Bandura, A. | Behaviorist theorist known for his social learning theory; did modeling experiment using punching bag (Bobo doll) |
| Bem, S. | suggested that masculinity and femininity were two separate dimensions; also linked with concept of androgyny |
| Cattell, R. | Trait theorist who used factor analysis to study personality |
| Dollard, J. & Miller, N. | Behaviorist theorists who attempted to study psychoanalytic concepts within a behaviorist framework; also known for their work on approach-avoidance conflicts |
| Erikson, E. | Ego Psychologist whose psychosocial stages of development encompass entire lifespan |
| Eysenck, H. | Trait theorist who proposed two main dimensions on which human personalities differ: introversion-extroversion and emotional stability-neuroticism |
| Freud, A. | Founder of ego psychology |
| Freud, S. | originator of the psychodynamic approach to personality, developed psychoanalysis |
| Horney, K. | psychodynamic theorist who suggested there were three ways to relate to others: moving toward, moving against and moving away from |
| Jung, C. | psychodynamic theorist who broke with Freud over the concept of libido; suggested that the unconscious could be divided into the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious, with archetypes being in the collective unconscious |
| Kelly, G. | based personality theory on the notion of "individual as scientist" |
| Kernberg, O. | object-relations theorist |
| Klein, M. | object-relations theorist |
| Lewin, K. | phenomenological personality theorist who developed field theory |
| Mahler, M. | object relations theorist |
| Maslow, A. | phenomenological personality theorist known for developing a heirarchy of needs and for the concept of self-actualization |
| McClelland, D. | studied need for achievement (nAch) |
| Mischel, W. | critic of trait theories of personality |
| Rogers, C. | phenomenological personaliy theorist, deeveloped client-centered therapy, a therapy that was based on the concept of unconditional positive regard |
| Rotter, J. | studied locus of control |
| Sheldon, W. | attempted to relate somatotype (body type) to personality type |
| Skinner, B.F. | behaviorist |
| Winnicott, D.W. | object-relations theorist |
| Witkin, H. | studied field-dependence and field independence using the rod and frame test |
| Beck, A. | cognitive behavior therapist known for his therapy for depression |
| Bleuler, E. | coined term schizophrenia |
| Dix, D. | 19th century american advocate of asylum reform |
| Ellis, A. | cognitive behavior therapist known for his rational-emotive therapy (RET) |
| Kraeplin, E. | developed system in 19th century for classifying mental disorders |
| Pinel, P. | Reformed French asylums in late 18th century |
| Rosenhan, D. | investigated the effect of being labeled mentally ill by having pseudopatients admitted into mental hospitals |
| Seligman, M. | formulated learned helplessness theory of depression |
| Szasz, T. | suggested that most of the mental disorders treated by clinicians are not really mental disorders - wrote "The Myth of Mental Illness" |
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