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CardioVasChapterTst
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Card/o, Cardi/o | Heart |
| Cardiovascular system consists of.. | heart and blood vessels |
| Phleb/o, ven/o | veins |
| Arteri/o, Arter/o | arteries |
| Aort/o | aorta |
| Angi/o, vas/o | blood or lymph vessels |
| Brady | slow |
| Tachy | fast |
| Thromb/o | clot |
| Angiography | x-ray examination of blood vessels after injection of opaque dye |
| Arterial | pertaining to the arteries |
| Arteriosclerosis | hardening of arteries |
| -sclerosis | hardening |
| bradycardia | slow heart beats |
| -ia | abnormal condition |
| Tachy | fast |
| Cardiopathy | heart disease |
| -pathy | disease |
| Cardiograph | instrument for recording the heart beats |
| -graph | instrument for x-raying or recording |
| Cardiologist | a doctor who specializes in heart disease |
| Top two chambers | Atria |
| Bottom two chambers | Ventricles |
| Divides the heart into left and right sides | Septum |
| Valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle | Tricuspid |
| Value located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary value | Pulmonary Valve |
| valve located betwee the left artium and the left verntricle | Mitral/ Bicuspid |
| valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta | Aoritc valve |
| Surround the heart and causes chamber contractions | Myocardium |
| Innermost wall layer; covers the inside surface of the heart | Endocardium |
| Fluid-filled sac that surrounds and protects the heart | Pericardium |
| 3 Functions of the heart. 1)Provides... 2)Deposits 3)Receives | 1)Provides oxygenated blood throughout the body by a pumping mechanism 2)Oxygenated blood deposits materials necessary for growth and nourishment 3)Receives from tissues the waste products resulting from metabolism |
| Hypertension increases ______ | blood pressure |
| Symptons of Hypertension include... (4) | Severe headache, Chest pain, Irregular heartbeat, fatigue |
| Pharmaceutical treatment includes diuretics, vasodilators, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and calcium channel blockers are for ___ | hypertension |
| CHF stands for... | Congestive Heart Failure |
| Heart pumps out less blood than it receives and results in weakened and enlarged heart... | Congestive Heart Failure |
| Symptons of __ include: upright posture or leaning forward, anxiety and restlessness, cyanotic and clammy skin, persistent cough, rapid breathing, fast heart rate, edema of lower limbs | CHF |
| Pharmaceutical treatment includes caridac glycosides, diuretics, vasodilators, ACE, beta-adrenergic blockers, and phospodiesterase inhibitors... | Congestive Heart Failure Treatment options |
| CAD | Coronary Artery Disease |
| ___ occurs when there is an insufficient blood flow to the heart | Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) |
| CAD can lead to...(6) | Angina, heart attack, arrythmias, stroke, pulmonary embolism, heart failure |
| Treatment includes platelet aggregation inhibitors, anticoagulants, tissue plasminogen activators, trombin inhibitors | Treatment for CAD |
| Rstore normal rhythm pattern but do not cure the cause of the irregular heartbeat | Antiarrhythmic drugs |
| used to increase the force of myocardial contraction, without causing an incrase in the comsumption of oxygen | Cardiac glycosides |
| Used to elimate excess sodium and water via the urinary tract | Diuretics |
| Allow more blood to exit the heart, preventing or migrating congestion; lower blood pressure | Vasodilators |
| Lower high blood pressure; thought to reshape the heart; prevent the body from producing natural vasodilators | Angiotension-converting enzyme (ACE) |
| Similar to ACE; block the body's natural vasodilators | Angiotension II recpetor blockers |
| Used to block cells from receiving natural vasoconstrictors | Beta-adrenergic blockers |
| Interfere with the manufacture of vasoconstrictors at nerve endings | Antiadrenergic agents |
| Reduce the ability of the blood to coagulate | Platelet aggregation |
| Prevent clots from forming or existing clots from getting bigger | Anticoagulants |
| Break down blood clots by reversing the clotting order and intfering with the synthesis of various clotting factors | Tissue plasminogen activators |
| Inactivate bound thrombin by binding to the enzyme and blocking with its substrates of fibrin | Thrombin inhibitors |
| Help prevent the progession of coronary artery disease by lowering lipid level | Antihyperlipidemics |
| Do not thin out the blood, prevent clots from forming, prevent existing clots from getting any bigger, cannot dissolve existing blood clots | What Anticoagulants do |
| Oral drug of choice for anticoagulant,, | Warfarin |
| Used in the long time prevention or management of venous thromboembolic disorders including: deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary emobolism, clotting associated with artrial fibrillation and prosthetic heart valves | Warfarin used for |
| ____ may be used as an antidote when too much warfarin has beeen given | Vitamin K |
| __ is the parentnal anticoagulant drug of choice | Heparin |
| Heparin works by inactivating clotting factors... | IX, X, XI, XII |
| The only antidote for Heparin overdose is __ | protamine sulfate |
| HDL | high density lipoproteins or "good" chlosterol |
| LDL | low density lipoproteins or "bad chlosterol" |
| A form of energy store in adipose and muscle tissues | Triglycerides |
| Optimal cholesterol level | 200mg/dL or lower |
| Borderline high cholesterol | 200-239mg/dL |
| High cholesterol | 240mg/dL or higher |
| High HDL- GOOD | 60 mg or higher |
| Borderline low HDL | 40-59 mg |
| Low HDL- AT RISK | less than 40 mg |
| Optimal LDL- GOOD | Less than 100 mg |
| Near or above optimal LDL | 100-129 mg |
| Borderline high LDL- AT RISK | 130-159 mg |
| High LDL- AT RISK | 160 mg or higher |
| Normal trigycerides- GOOD | Less than 150 mg |
| Borderline high trigy. | 150-199 mg |
| High trigy | 200-499 mg |
| Very high trigy. -AT RISK | 500mg or higher |
| Increase heart rate and force the contraction of the heart muscle.. | B1 receptors |
| Decrease the heart rate and cardiac output. (decrease blood pressure and relax blood vessels) | B blockers |
| Adverse effects of ___ include: heart depression, fatigue, depression, and bradycardia | Antihypertensive drugs |
| Antihypertensive drugs are contraindicated in ___and ____ patients | diabetic / asthmatic |
| Beta receptor agonists increase... | the force of contraction |
| Beta receptor agonists are useful in severe ___ | hypotension |
| ___ may also be used in the treatment of asthama | Beta receptor agonist |
| Alpha receptor agonists block __ and __ receptors results in decreased vasoconstriction and lowered blook pressure | a1, a2 |
| Alpha receptor agonists are used in the treatment of __ | hypertension |
| Alpha blocker drugs use ___ dosage to reach desired dose | stepwise |
| ___ may cause postural hypotension | Alpha blocker drugs |
| Alpha 2 receptor agonists decrease release of __ | norepinephrine |
| Useful in the therapy of hypertension and the in the therapy of oppiate addiction | Alpha 2 receptor agonists |
| Alpha 2 receptor agonists may increase the rate of _______ | platelet aggregation |
| Calcium channel blockers decreases (3) | Blood pressure, oxygen demand on the heart, and heart rate |
| Amlodipine and Nifedipine | Calcium channel blocker drugs |
| ACE converts angiotenston I into ___ | angiotension II |
| angiotension II is a potent __ and increase blood pressure | vasoconstrictor |
| ACE inhibitors are useful in.. | therapy of hypertension decrease in sodium and fluid retention |
| Hypotension, rash, altered taste are adverse effects of | ACE inhibitors |
| ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in ___ patients and ___ | renal/ pregnancy |
| Less adverse effects than ACE inhibitors, but also less blood pressure lowering effects | Angiotension II receptor antagonist |
| Angiotension II receptor antagonists block the ___ effect of angiotention I thereby reduce blood pressure | vasoconstriction |
| Sartans are | angiotension II recpetor antagonists |
| Act at the level of the arterior smooth muscle to relax it resulting in dilation of the arteriole | Vasodilator |
| Act at the level of the vein to relax veneous smooth muscle | Venodilator |
| Lead to increased cardiac efficiency, increased oxygen delivery to tissue, pooling of blood in lower extremities | Venidilator |
| Venodilators are NOT useful in the treatment of | hypertension |
| Postural hypotension, headache, nausea, fainting, palpitations are adverse affects of | Adverse effects of Venodilators |
| Nitrostat is an | Venodilator drug |
| Packaged in glass in a cool dry place because nitrogycerlin is highly reactive | Nitrostat |
| Cardiac Glycosides increase the muscles contraction and improve ____ | irregular heartbeats |
| The antihypertensive action of diuretics is through increase urinary excretion of... (4) | Na, Cl, K, H2O |
| 4 types of diuretics | Thiazide Loop Carbonic Ahhydrase Potassium Sparing |
| Spironlactone and Furosemide are | diuretics |
| Rate controlling enzyme of the metabolic pathway that produces cholestrol | HMG CoA reductase |
| Inhibitors of HMG CoA reductase are the | Statins |
| Anticoagulants contraindicate with | Aspirin and NSAIDS |
| Antithrombic decrease platelet aggreagations therefore decrease | clotting |
| Thrombolytic drugs break up | formed clots |
| Thrombolytic drugs cost | more tha n 1000 / dose |
| Risks you can control... | Avoiding tobacco, modifying diet, control blood pressure, manage stress, excercise |
| Risks you cannot control... | Age, gender, race, heredity |
Created by:
laurenGfrazier
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