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Neo-Ped Midterm
Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) among infants born at less than 28 weeks of gestation | 60% |
| Conditions responsible for the reduction in pulmonary blood flow during the course of RDS | Hypoxemia, Acedemia, and Hypercarbia |
| Reason term or near-term infants commonly overlooked as a group of patients at risk for developing RDS | These infants tend to be strong and have excellent pulmonary reserve |
| Significance of an infant with RDS demonstrating a grunt during each exhalation | An effort to maintain its functional residual capacity (FRC) |
| Condition diffuse, fine, reticulogranular densities, thus ground-glass appearance the chest radiograph of a newborn, preterm infant would suggest | Respiratory distress syndrome |
| Correct interpretation of a lecithin-to-sphingomyelin (L/S) ration of 2:1 | The presence of lung maturity |
| Condition suggested by CXR showing pulmonary vascular congestion, prominent perihilar streaking, fluid in the interlobular fissures, hyperexpansion, flat diaphragm | Transient tachypnea of the newborn |
| Therapeutic intervention(s) generally needed to treat transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) | Oxygen administration |
| Reason meconium staining occur predominantly in infants greater than 36 weeks of gestational age | These infants demonstrate strong peristalsis and have poweful anal sphincter tone |
| Typical radiograph features of an infant with MAS | Patchy areas of atelectasis |
| Incidence of normal pulmonary vascular resistance that is achieved within 24 hours after birth | 80% |
| Clinical presentations associated with apnea of prematurity | Snoring, mouth breathing, choking |
| Recommended medication for an infant with apnea of prematurity experiencing prolonged episodes of apnea | Methylxanthines aka caffeine |
| Proper intervention to perform when an infant is born with choanal atresia | Insert an oropharyngeal airway |
| A way to confirn a diagnosis of choanal atresia | Attempting to insert an 8 French suction catheter through each nasal cavity |
| Condition consistent with micrognathia, glossoptosis, and cleft palate in a newborn | Pierre Robin syndrome |
| Most common form of tracheoesophageal fistula and essophageal atresia | Blind-ending upper esophageal pouch of variable length associated with a fistula from the lower trachea or main stem bronchi leading into the distal esophagus |
| Clincal manifestations characterized by congenital diaphragmantic hernia | The herniated contents cause coompression of the developing ipsilateral ung, Histologic studies demonstrate increased muculature in the media of the arteroles, and lung tissue is hypoplastic, including the pulmonary vasculature, even on the contralateral |
| Condition consistent with the presence of a scaphoid abdomen in a newborn with tachypnea | Congenital diaphragmatic hernia |
| Interventions used to treat congenital diaphragmatic hernia | Hig-frequency oscillatory ventilation, bag-mask ventilation immediately after birth, thoracostomy tube insertion if necessary |
| Most common patient complaint associated with pectus carinatum | Cosmetic |
| Types of cells responsible for producing pulmonary surfactant | Alveolar type II cells |
| A term or phrase that describes air leaving the lungs and entering the pulmonary interstitial spaces as a consequence of barotrauma | Pulmonary interstitial emphysema |
| Condition that can be suspected if tachypnea, hypoxemia, or hypercarbia are present in a newborn | Pneumothorax |
| An alternative to refractory surfactant replacement therapy and conventional mechanical ventilation | Initiation of high-frequency ventilation |
| Condition consistent with finding a transcutaneous PO2 difference of 25 mm Hg between an infat's right wrist and left leg | Patent ductus arteriosus |
| Condition that should be suspected if a newborn has a respiratory rate greater than 60 bpm beyond an hour after birth | Sepsis |
| Mechanism implicated in the development of retinopath of prematurity | Fluctuating PaO2 values, or PaCO2 values, after vasoconstrictive injury |
| Measure that can help reduce the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage in infants receiving mechanical ventilation | Perform transfusions to keep the infant's hematocrit greater than 40% |
Created by:
bhilaire
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