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Mental activity involved in understanding, processing, and communicating information.
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Paying attention to information, mentally representing it, reasoning about it, and making decisions about it.
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Psychology CH8
Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mental activity involved in understanding, processing, and communicating information. | Cognition |
| Paying attention to information, mentally representing it, reasoning about it, and making decisions about it. | Thinking |
| A mental category that is used to class together objects, relations, events, abstractions, ideas, or qualities that have common properties. | Concept |
| A concept of a category of objects and events that serves as a good example of the category. | Prototype |
| A specific example. | Exemplar |
| A systematic procedure for solving a problem that works invariably when it is correctly applied (usually with math problems). | Algorithm |
| An algorithm for solving problems in which each possible solution is tested according to a particular set of rules. | Systematic Random Search |
| Rules of thumb that help us simplify and solve problems (but is not full-proof). | Heuristics |
| A heuristic device in which we try to solve a problem by evaulating the difference between the current situation and the goal. | Means-end Analysis |
| An internal image or visual representation that is used in thinking and memory. | Mental Image |
| The tendency to respond to a new problem with an approach that was successfully used with similar problem. | Mental Set |
| In Gestalt psychology, a sudden perception of relationships among elements of the mentally represented elements of a problem that permit its solution (Ex: Kohler's monkey) | Insight |
| In problem solving, a process that may sometimes occur when we stand back from a frustrating problem for a while and the solution "suddenly" appears. (Ex: Backing off in an argument) | Incubation |
| The tendency to view an object in terms of its name of familiar usage (Ex: using a stapler as a paper weight). | Functional Fixedness |
| The influence of wording, or the context in which information is presented, on decision making (Making a decision with two identical cars). | Framing Effect |
| Who was David Premack? What did he study? Who was his famous experiment? | Worked with apes to see if they could associate shapes with words. "Sarah." Raised question about whether apes could reason or not. |
| Having to do with the meanings of words and symbols. | Semantic |
| The communication of information by means symbols arranged according to rules of grammar. | Language |
| Meaning of words. The quality of language in which words are used as symbols for objects, events, or ideas. | Semanticy |
| The view that language structures the way we view the world (very specific to culture). | Linguistic-Relativity Hypothesis |
| A single word used to express complex meanings (ex:"milk".) | Holophrase |
| Two-word sentences (ex: "want milk") | Telegraphic Speech |
| The application of regular grammatical rules for forming inflections (past tense and purals) to irregular verbs and nouns (children do not realize their exceptions and concepts). | Overregularization |
| The view that language learning involves an interactions between environmental factors and an inborn tendency to acquire language. | Pyscholinguistic Theory |
| In psycholinguistic theory, neural "prewiring" that facilitates the child's learning of grammar. | Language acquisition device (LAD) |
| Who was Noam Chomsky? What was his idea? | Developed the idea of LAD- Environmental factors have influence on language learning. |
| A general mental capability that involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly, and learn from experience (adaptive). | Intelligence |
| g | Spearman's symbol for general intelligence, which he believed underlay more specific abilities. |
| s | Spearman's sybol for specific factors, or s factors, whcih he believed accounted for individal abilities. |
| A statistically technique that allows researchers to determine the relationships among large number of items, such as test items. | Factor Analysis |
| According to Thurstone, the 8 basic abilities that make up intelligence. | Primary Mental Abilities |
| Gardner's view that there are several are several intellegences, not just one. | Theory of Multiple Intelligence |
| At age 60, what falls apart that makes reaction time longer? | Myeline Sheath |
| Sternburg's theory that intelligence has three prongs, consisting of analytical, creative, and practical intelligence ("street smarts"). | Triarchic Theory of Intelligence |
Created by:
SSalvage139