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Xpter 13,14,15 vocab
Physical science vocab from chapters 13,14,15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| chemical bonding | the combining of atoms to form molecules or ionic compounds |
| chemical bond | an interaction that holds atoms or ions together |
| valence electron | an electron that is found in the outermost shell of an atom and that determines the atom's chemical properties |
| ionic bond | the attractive force between oppositely charged ions, which form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| ion | a charged particle that forms when an atom or group of atoms gains or loses one or more electrons |
| crystal lattice | the regular pattern in which a crystal is arranged |
| covalent bond | a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons |
| molecule | a group of atoms that are held together by chemical forces; a molecule is the smallest unit of matter that can exist by itself and retain all of a substance's chemical properties |
| metallic bond | a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them |
| chemical reaction | the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances |
| chemical formula | a combination of chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance |
| chemical equation | a representation of a chemical reaction that uses symbols to show the relationship between the reactants and the products |
| reactant | a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction |
| product | a substance that forms in a chemical reaction |
| law of conservation of mass | the law that states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in ordinary chemical and physical changes |
| synthesis reaction | a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound |
| decomposition reaction | a reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances |
| single-displacement reaction | a reaction in which one element takes the place of another element in a compound |
| double-displacement reaction | a reaction in which a gas, a solid precipitate, or a molecular compound forms from the exchange of ions between two compounds |
| exothermic reaction | a chemical reaction in which energy is released to the surroundings as heat |
| endothermic reaction | a chemical reaction that requires energy input |
| law of conservation of energy | the law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another |
| activation energy | the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction |
| inhibitor | a substance that slows down or stops a chemical reaction |
| catalyst | a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up or changed very much |
| chemical bond | an interaction that holds atoms or ions together |
| ionic compound | a compound made of oppositely charged ions |
| covalent compound | a chemical compound that is formed by the sharing of electrons |
| acid | any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water |
| indicator | a compound that can reversibly change color depending on conditions such as pH |
| base | any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water |
| neutralization reaction | the reaction of an acid and a base to form a neutral solution of water and a salt |
| pH | a value that is used to express the acidity or alkalinity of a system |
| salt | an ionic compound that forms when a metal atom replaces the hydrogen of an acid |
| organic compound | a covalently bonded compound that contains carbon |
| hydrocarbon | an organic compound composed only of carbon and hydrogen |
| carbohydrate | a class of energy-giving nutrients that includes sugars, starches, and fiber; contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| lipid | a fat molecule or a molecule that has similar properties; examples include oils, waxes, and steroids |
| protein | a molecule that is made up of amino acids and that is needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes in the body |
| nucleic acid | a molecule made up of subunits called nucleotides |
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Little Dreamer
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