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Med Surg- Ped Onco
pediatric oncology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pediatric cancer comprises what percent of CA cases in US | 2% |
| overall 5 year survival rate for pediatric oncology is? | 80% |
| malignant disorder of the blood and blood-forming organs including bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen | leukemia |
| lymphomas | malignancy that begins in cells of the immune system |
| solid tumors | cancers of the bone, tissues, or other organs of the body |
| most common form of pediatric cancer | leukemia |
| nephroblastoma | wilms tumor |
| common type of cancer originating in brain tissue of children | astrocytoma |
| malignant disease that often originates in the peripheral lymph nodes | hodgkins |
| tumor that originates in kidney | wilms tumor |
| tumor arising most frequently in bone shaft | ewings sarcoma |
| tumor of the eye | retinoblastoma |
| An oncologist states that your patient's prognostic index is 40%. This means | that the patient has a 40% risk for relapse. |
| Why should pts not participate in exercise following chemo treatment? | risk of cardiac arrhythmia |
| primary purpose of the induction phase of tx is to: | attempt to eradicate all malignant cells from the body |
| most serious side effect caused by anthracycline meds is | cardiac myocyte apoptosis resulting in diminished heart function and altered hemodynamic response to exercise |
| A child with Thrombocytopenia should be monitored closely because | of increased tendency to bleed or bruise, as evidenced by spontaneous nose bleeds or bleeding gums |
| Dysplasia | D. A disorganization of cells in which an adult cell varies from its normal size, shape, or organization. It is often caused by chronic irritation. It may reverse itself or may progress to cancer. |
| Differentiation | The process by which normal cells undergo physical and structural changes as they develop to form the different tissues of the body. |
| Anaplasia | The most advanced form of metaplasia where there is a complete loss of cellular differentiation. Characteristic of malignant cells. |
| Metaplasia | A reversible and benign but abnormal change in which one adult cell changes from one type to another. |
| Hyperplasia | An increase in the number of cells in tissue, resulting in increased tissue mass. This type of change can be a normal consequence of physiologic alterations. |
| Why are alopecia, nausea and vomiting, and digestive tract bleeding common side effects of chemotherapy | Because the body's most rapidly growing cells are very susceptible to chemotherapeutic adverse effects |
| serious drop in blood platelet count is known as | thrombocytopenia |
| Thalidomide is an | Anti-angiogenic therapy |
| _____ Inhibits estrogen release | tamoxifen |
| Commonly prescribed for persons with prostate cancer | leuprolide |
| One of the side effects which a child who is receiving radiation therapy may experience is hair loss resulting in temporary baldness is called | allopecia |
| The TNM staging system stands for | tumor, nodes, metastasis |
| intrathecal | injected into CSF via catheter in lumbar or brain; commonly for methotrexate |
| induction phase | high doses of chemo and radiation. goal to eradicate malignant cells |
| consolidation phase | eliminate any remaining cancer cells; continue to receive chemo |
| maintenance phase | pts receive lower doses of chemo with goal of preventing disease relapse |
| osteonecrosis | primarily in WB bones; hips/knees most common; >10 y.o Caucasian |
| unexplained hip pain> 2 weeks indication for | MRI, esp with gradual increase of symptoms |
| neurotoxicity | peripheral neuropathy possible; usually wrist/finger ext to dorsiflexors |
| cardiotoxicity | anthracyclines may cause cardiomyopathy; nearly 60% of children treated for CA use this |
| anthracyclines may cause | cardiomyopathy;diminished heart function |
| BMT or PBSCT | performed for children with leukemia or other hematologic diseases involving bone marrow |
| bone marrow is usually withdrew from where | iliac crest |
| allogenic | from donor match |
| autologous | from yourself |
| syngenic | from identical twin |
| engraftment of BM | the process by which donor marrow begins to produce healthy cells; typically takes 7-10 days |
| acute GVHD commonly affects the | skin, bowel, and liver |
| chronic GVHD | months after transplant; affects skin and GI |
| GVHD | transplanted marrow cells attack host organs |
| PT role in BMT | maintain ROM, prevent atrophy, pulmonary hygiene, prevent pneumonia, maintain balance, condition |
| nociceptive pain | aching or throbbing pain; caused by bone, joint, muscle, skin, or CT damage |
| neuropathic pain | burning, tingling, piercing; injury to nerve |
| FLACC | face, legs, activity, cry, consolability (birth to 5) |
| FACES scale | 5-13 |
| self reporting numeric scales | older than 13 |
| palliative | relieving and preventing suffering |
| myelosuppression onset | 10-20 days following drug administration |
| good measure for cardiopulmonary endurance in ped oncology | 6 min walk test |
Created by:
cdphipps21
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