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Psychology CH7
Memory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Memory that clearly and distinctly expresses (explicates) specific information; also referred to as declarative memory (data, facts, figures). | Explicit Memory |
| Memories of events experiences by a person or that take place in the person's presence. | Episodic Memory |
| General knowledge, as opposed to episodic memory. | Semantic Memory |
| Memory that is suggested (implied) but not plainly expressed, as illustrated in the things that people do bt do not state clearly; also referred to as nondeclarative memory (how-to actions). | Implicit Memory |
| The activation of specific associations in memory, oftn as a result of repitition and without making a conscious effort to access the memory. | Priming |
| Memory for past events, activities, and learning experiences, as shown by explicit (episodic and semantic) and implicit memories. | Retrospective Memory |
| Memory to perform an act in the future, as at a certain time or when a certain event occurs. | Prospective Memory |
| The rapid jumps made by a person's eyes as they fixate on different points. | Saccadic Eye Movement |
| The type or stage of memory first encountered by a stimulus. Sensory memory holds impressions briefly, but long enough so that series of perceptions are psychologically continuous. | Sensory Memory |
| An assumed change in the nervous system that reflects the impression made by the stimulus. Said to be "held" in sensory registers. | Memory Trace |
| A system of memory that holds information briefly, but long enough so that it can be processed further. "Gate Keeper" | Sensory Register |
| A mental representation of a visual stimulus that is held briefly in sensory memory. | Icon |
| The sensory register that briefly holds mental representations of visual stimuli (the 5 senses). | Iconic Memory |
| The maintenance of detailed visual memories over several minutes. | Eidetic Imagery |
| The type or stage of memory that can hold information for up to a minute or so after the trace of the stimulus decays; also called working memory. | Short-term Memory |
| 5 Minute breaks every hour- creating primary and recency effect, more effective way of studying. | Space-Practice |
| The tendency to recall more accurately the first and last items in a series. | Serial-position Effect |
| The tendency to recall the initial items in a series of items. | Primacy Effect |
| The tendency to recall the last items in a series of items. | Recency Effect |
| A stimulus or group of stimuli that is perceived as a discrete piece of information (SS#s or phone #s). | Chunk |
| Mechanical associative learning that is based on repetition. | Rote |
| In memory theory, to cause information to be lost from short-term memory by adding new information. | Displace |
| The type or stage of memory capable of relatively permanent storage (even things we thought we forgot, truly learned information). | Long-term Memory |
| In Freud's psychodynamic theory, the ejection of anxiety-evoking ideas from conscious awareness. | Repression |
| A way of mentally representing the world, sch as a belief or an expectation, that can influence perception of persons, objects, and situations. | Schema |
| A memory that is highly detailed and strongly emotionally elaborated because of its great and unusual significance. | Flashbulb Memory |
| The feeling that information is stored in memory although it cannot be readily retrieved; also called the feeling-of-knowing experience. | Tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) Phenomenon |
| Information that is better retrieved in the context in which it was encoded and stored, or learned. | Context-dependent Memory |
| Information that is better retrieved in the physiological or emotional state in which it was encoded and stored, or learned. | State-dependent Memory |
| Meaningless sets of two consonants, with a vowel sandwiched between, that are used to study memory. | Nonsense Syllables |
| In information, processing, the easiest memory task, involving identification of objects or events encountered before (multiple choice or true/false questions). | Recognition |
| Retrieval or reconstruction of learned material (essay questions). | Recall |
| Nonsense syllables presented in pairs in experiments that measure recall. | Paired Associates |
| A measure of retention. Material is usally relearned more quickly than it is learned initially. | Relearning |
| The view that we may forget stored material becase other learning interferes with it. | Interference Theory |
| The interference of new learning with the ability to retrieve material learned previously. | Retroactive Interference |
| The interference of old learning with the ability to retrieve material learned recently. | Proactive Interference |
| Amnesia thought to stem from psychological conflict or trauma (repression may be at the heart of this). | Dissociative Amnesia |
| Inability to recall events that occured priod to the age of 3 or so; also termed childhood amnesia. | Infantile Amnesia |
| A structure in the limbic syste that plays an important role in the formation of new memories ("memory photo album"). | Hippocampus |
| Failure to remember events that occured after physical trauma because of the effects of the trauma (cannot have memories AFTER the trauma). | Anterograde Amnesia |
| Failure to remember events that occured prior to physical trauma because of the effects of the trauma (cannot remember anything that happened BEFORE the trauma). | Retrograde Amnesia |
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SSalvage139
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