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Chapter 2 A.P. Psych
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Neuron | A nerve cell;it's also known as the building block |
| Biological Psychology | It is a type of psychology branch that is involved with the connections between biology and behavior. |
| Dendrite | The bushy fibers(neurons) receive information and controls the impulses. |
| Axon | These fibers transferred the information to other neurons, muscles, and glands. |
| Myelin Sheath | It is a layer of fatty tissue that protects the neurons and helps speed their impulses. |
| Action potential | A neural impulse that is made by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of the passages in the axon's membrane. |
| Threshold | The level of stimulation required to activate a neural impulse. |
| Synapse | It is a link between the axon tip of the transmitting neuron and the dendrite. |
| Neurotransmitters | When the action potential touches the terminals at an axon's side, it activates the release of chemical messengers. |
| Endorphins | Natural opiates link to pain control and to pleasure. |
| Nervous System | The neurons communicate with other neurons to form the body's information system |
| Central Nervous System | The brain and the spinal cord form this type of system. |
| Peripheral Nervous System | The central nervous system connects the body's sense receptors, muscles, and glands. |
| Sensory Neurons | Neurons transport information from the sense receptors to the central nervous system. |
| Interneurons | The central nervous system neurons exchange information and intercedes between the sensory inputs and motor outputs. |
| Motor Neurons | The neurons transport information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands. |
| Parasympathetic Nervous System | This nervous system calms the body by decreasing the heartbeat, and lowering the blood sugar. It is conserving energy. |
| Sympathetic Nervous System | The nervous system arouses the body and mobilizes its energy in stressful situations. |
| Medulla | It is the fundamental part of the brainstem that controls the heartbeat and the breathing. |
| Electroencephalogram (EEG) | An instrument that amplifies the recording of the waves of electrical brain activity. The waves are measured by electrodes that is located on the scalp. |
| CT (computed tomography) | Scans the brain with an x-ray to reveal brain damage. |
| PET (position emission tomography) | It displays a picture of the brain activity that shows the brain area's consumption of its chemical fuel (sugar glucose). |
| MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) | A machine that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce images of different types of tissues of the brain. |
| Reticular Formation | In the brainstem, the nerve network controls the arousal. |
| Thalamus | The brain's sensory switchboard is located on the top of the brainstem. It receives information from all kinds of senses except smell. |
| Hypothalamus | The structure is located below the thalamus. It takes control of the endocrine system and it's connected to emotion. |
| Cerebellum | It is attached to the back of the brainstem and it helps coordinate voluntary movement and balance. |
| Limbic System | This structure forms a curricular shape of a neural system that is between the brain's older parts and its cerebral hemispheres. It is associated with emotions such as fear and anger. |
| Cerebral Cortex | A thin surface layer on the cerebral hemisphere which it's the body's control and information-processing center. |
| Frontal Lobes | Front of your brain; behind your forehead. This involves in speaking, muscle movements, and in making judgments and plans. |
| Parietal Lobes | At the top and to the back of the brain that includes the sensory cortex. |
| Occipital Lobes | It is located at the back of your head that includes the visual areas, which receive visual information from the opposite visual field. |
| Temporal Lobes | It is located above your ears. (auditory areas that receives information primarily from the opposite ear) |
| Plasticity | The brain's capacity for modifying and reorganizing the damage and in experiments on the effects of experience on brain development. |
| Endocrine System | The glands in the body secrete hormones into the bloodstream. |
| Hormones | They are produced in one tissue which it affects the other tissues throughout the bloodstream in the body. |
| Adrenal Glands | Secretes the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and nonerpinephrine (noradrenaline)to arouse the body. These glands are right above the kidneys. |
| Pituitary Glands | Regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. |
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