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Development4
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Directionality | How body proportions change |
Independence of Systems | Different parts of the body develop along different time tables. |
Canalization | Development tends to follow and return to a normative course. |
Norms | Average outcomes on a characteristic. |
Individual Differences | Variation among individuals on a characteristic. |
Central Nervous System (CNS) | Brain and Spinal Cord |
Subcortical Structures | Brain components that control state of arousal |
Limbic System | Manages emotions |
Cortex | Layers of outer tissue that cover the brain |
Association Areas | Awareness, attention, memory, and integration of information |
Hemispheres | Two halves of the brain |
Corpus Callosum | Connection between two hemispheres. |
Visual Cortex | Sight |
Auditory Cortex | Hearing |
Sensorimotor Cortex | Touch |
Motor Cortex | Voluntary Movement |
Frontal Cortex | Thinking, planning, initiative, impulse control, and creativity. |
Wernickes Area | Left side, language or speech comprehension |
Brocas Area | Left side, language or speech production |
Neurons | Cells that carry info across body and brain. |
Dendrites | Branched extensions of neurons that act like antennas that pick up signals from other neurons. |
Cell Body | Nucleus, biochemical mechanisms to keep cell alive and determine if cell will fire. |
Axon | Part of cell that carries signals away from cell body toward other neurons. |
Synapse | Connection between one neurons axon and another neurons dendrite. |
Neurotransmitters | Electrochemicals through which neurons intercommunicate. |
Action Potential | Electrical charge inside neuron. |
Synaptogenesis | Development of connections between neurons through the growth of axons and dendrites. |
Synaptic Pruning | Elimination of unused and unnecessary synapses. |
Plasticity | Capacity of brain to be modified by experience. |
Mylin | Fatty tissues that encases cell axon. |
Cerebellum | `Associated balance and controlls body's movement. |
Multiple Sclorosis | Autoimmune system strips neurons of mylin leading to loss of motor control. |
Micro Electrode Recording | Used to measure activity of individual cells. |
Electroencephalographic Recordings | Measurement acquired with sensors at scalp that show electrical activity of masses of individual cells |
Event Related Potentials | Specific patterns of brain activity evoked by a specific stimulus. |
Experience Expectant Processes | Prewired processes. |
Experience Dependent Processes | Active formation of new synaptic connections in response to the individuals unique experience. |
Modifiability | Although cells are predestined for specific functions, they can be changed. |
Sensative Periods | Times in development when organism is especially open to environmental influence. |
Compensation | Cells substitute for others permitting recovery of a function after loss or damage. |
Stem Cells | Newest, younges, and least developed cells. Can be grafted to repair damaged parts of the CNS or replace cells that have died. |
Autonomic Nervous System | Regulates body activities without voluntary control, breathing, blood flow, or digestion. |
Reflexes | Involuntary responses to certain stimuli that have or had adaptive significance. |
Cepholocaudal | Head to tail |
Proximodistal | Center outward |
Cycle | Moving in an identifiable and predictable rhythm |