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Psychology Ch. 5
Consciousness
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A concept with many meanings, including sensory awareness of the world outside, direct inner awareness of one's thoughts and feelings, personal unity, and the waking state | Consciousness |
| The focus of one's consciousness on a particular stimulus | Selective Attention |
| Knowledge of one's own thoughts, feelings, and memories without the use of sensory organs | Direct Inner Awareness |
| In psychodynamic theory, descriptive of material that is not in awareness but can be brought into awareness by focusing one's attention | Preconscious |
| In psychodynamic theory, descriptive of ideas and feelings that are not available to awareness | Unconscious |
| In psychodynamic theory, the automatic (unconscious) ejection of anxiety-evoking ideas, impulses, or images from awareness | Repression |
| The deliberate, or conscious, placing of certain ideas, impulses, or images out of awareness | Suppression |
| Descriptive of bodily processes, such as growing hair, of which we cannot become conscious; we may "recognize" that our hair is growing but cannot directly experience the biological process | Nonconscious |
| Referring to cycles that are connected with the 24-hour period of the Earth's rotation | Circadian Rhythm |
| Rapid low-amplitude brain waves that have been linked to feelings of relaxation | Alpha Waves |
| The first four stages of sleep | Non-Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep (NREM) |
| A stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, which have been linked to dreaming | Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep (REM) |
| Slow brain waves sometimes accompanied by a hypnagogic state | Theta Waves |
| The drowsy interval between waking and sleeping characterized by brief, hallucinatory, dreamlike experiences | Hypnagogic State |
| Strong, slow brain waves usually emitted during stage 3 and 4 sleep | Delta Waves |
| The view that dreams reflect activation of cognitive activity by the reticular activating system and synthesis of this activity into a pattern | Activation Synthesis Model |
| A "sleep attack" in which a person falls asleep suddenly and irresistibly | Narcolepsy |
| Temporary absence or cessation of breathing while asleep | Sleep Apnea |
| Frightening dreamlike experiences that occur during the deepest stage of NREM sleep; nightmares, in contrast, occur during REM sleep | Sleep Terrors |
| An altered state of consciousness in which people appear to be highly suggestible and behave as though they are in a trance | Hypnosis |
| Life work contributed to our knowledge of the power of suggestions, to modern hypnotism, and of course, to dramatic nightclub acts | Franz Anton Mesmer |
| A theory that explains hypnotic events in terms of the person's ability to act as though he or she were hypnotized; differs from faking in that subjects cooperate and focus on hypnotic suggestions instead of pretending to be hypnotized | Role Theory |
| The view that hypnotized people engage in strategic role enactment to bhave in the way that they imagine a good hypnotized person will behave | Multifactorial Theory |
| The view that response expectancies play a key role in the production of the experiences suggested by the hypnotist | Response Set Theory |
| A theory of hypnotic events as the splitting of consciousness | Neodissociation Theory |
| The simplified form of meditation brought to the United States by the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and used as a method for coping with stress | Transcendental Meditation (TM) |
| The systematic feeding back to an organism information about a bodily function so that the organism can gain control of that function | Biofeedback Training (BFT) |
| An instrument that measures muscle tension | Electromyograph (EMG) |
| Drugs that have psychological effects such as stimulation or distortion of perceptions | Psychoactive Substances |
| A drug that lowers the rate of activity of the nervous system | Depressant |
| A drug that increases activity of the nervous system | Stimulant |
| Repeated use of a substance despite the fact that it is causing or compounding social, occupational, psychological, or physical problems | Substance Abuse |
| Habituation to a drug, with the result that increasingly higher doses of the drug are needed to achieve similar effects | Tolerance |
| A characteristic cluster of symptoms that results from a sudden decrease in an addictive drug's level of usage | Abstinence Syndrome |
| A condition characterized by sweating, restlessness, disorientation, and hallucinations; occur in some chronic alcohol users when there is a sudden decrease in usage | Delirium Tremens |
| A group of narcotics derived from the opium poppy that provide a euphoric rush and depress the nervous system | Opiate |
| Drugs used to relieve pain and induce sleep; term usually reserved for opiates | Narcotics |
| Chemicals that act on opiate receptors but are not derived from the opium poppy | Opioids |
| A disease caused by protein deficiency in which connective fibers replace active lever cells, impeding circulation of the blood; alcohol does not contain protein, therefore persons who drink excessively may be prone to this disease | Cirrhosis of the Liver |
| A cluster of symptoms associated with chronic alcohol abuse and characterized by confusion, memory impairment, and filling in gaps in memory with false information (confabulation) | Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome |
| An addictive depressant used to relieve anxiety or pain and to treat epilepsy, high blod pressure, and insomnia | Barbiturate |
| Stimulants derived from alpha-methyl-beta-phenyl-ethyl-amine | Amphetamines |
| A disorder that beings in childhood and is characterized by a persistent pattern of lack of attention with or without hyperactivity and impulsive behavior | Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder |
| Chemical compounds consisting of hydrogen and carbon | Hydrocarbons |
| Inhaling smoke from the tobacco products and exhalations of other people; also called secondhand smoking | Passive Smoking |
| Giving rise to hallucinations | Hallucinogenic |
| The dried vegetable matter of the Cannabis sativa plant | Marijuana |
| Causing hallucinations, delusions, or heightened perceptions | Psychedelic |
| A drug derived from the resin of Cannabis saliva; often called "hash" | Hashish |
| Lysergic acid diethylamide; a hallucinogenic drug | LSD |
| Distorted perceptions or hallucinations that occur days or weeks after LSD usage but mimic the LSD experience | Flashbacks |
| A hallucinogenic drug derived from the mescal (peyote) cactus | Mescaline |
| Another hallucinogenic drug whose name is an acronym for its chemical structure | Phencyclidine (PCP) |
Created by:
Vanity
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