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Neuro(part I)-DRUGS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| temazepam(Restoril) | sedation, hypnosis, skeletal muscle relaxation, used for insomnia. transferred through EBM, category X for pregnant women,watch for withdrawal effects. SE:lethargy, drowsiness, blurred vision, dizziness, confusion, anxiety, daytime sedation. |
| zolpidem(Ambien) | enhance inhibitory effects of GABA, prolong sleep duration, decrease awakenings, SE: daytime drowsiness, headache, anxiety, dizziness, confusion in older adults, amnesia. |
| baclofen(Lioresal) | relieve skeletal muscle spasms in spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, & cerebral palsy. SE: drowsiness, nausea, dizziness, constipation |
| dantolene(Dantrium) | inhibits release of calcium which is needed for muscle contraction. treats malignant hyperthermia. SE: muscle weakness, drowsiness, dizziness, diarrhea, liver toxicity. |
| phenytoin(Dilantin) | decrease seizure generating cells in brain by inhibiting influx of Na+ through Na+ channels. helps with tonic-clonic seizures. pregnancy risk category D. SE:drowsiness & other CNS effects, abnormal growth of tissue around gums, skin rash, bradycardia. |
| carbamazepine(Tegretol) | decrease discharge of neurons around areas of increased activity. start at low dose. moniter WBC&CBC blood counts through therapy. pregnancy risk category D. SE:visual disturbances, headaches, decreased blood cell production, skin rash, photosensitivity. |
| valproic acid(Depakote, Depacon, Depakene) | inhibit influx of Na+ through Na+ channels. increases blood levels of phenytoin and phenobarbital. SE: bruising, bleeding, decreased platelets, hyperammonia, pancreatitis, liver toxicity, drowsiness, rash |
| lidocaine(Xylocaine) | local anesthesia that blocks nerves near surgical site. beta blockers increase lidocaine levels. SE:hypotension(spinal), dizziness, tremors, restlessness, confusion, parasthesias, convulsions, cardiac conduction disorders, respiratory arrest. |
| sodium thiopental(Pentothal) | rapid induction of anesthesia for brief procedure. SE: respiratory depression, apnea with lg dose, cardiovascular toxicity, tachycardia, hypotension |
| midazolam(Versed) | sedation before general anesthesia. pregnancy risk category D, transferred through EBM. SE: may cause amnesia, cardiac/respiratory arrest. |
| fentanyl(Sublimaze) | supplement general anesthesia. SE: sedation, nausea, respiratory, and or circulatory depression. |
| amphetamine and dextroamphetamine(Adderall) methylphenidate(Ritalin, Concerta) | treats ADHD, narcolepsy, appetite suppressant in obesity. increase focus and length of attention span. moniter weight and height in kids. no caffeine, SE: stops kids from growing,insomnia,nervousness,hypertension, tachycardia,heart palpitations, toxicity |
| modafinil(Provigil) | unclear how it works exactly, may be related to ability to block reuptake of norepinephrine. give with food and moniter vital signs. SE: nausea, diarrhea, headache, tachycardia, hypertension, rash. |
| levodopa(Dopar, Larodopa) | used with parkinson's disease to increase dopamine levels. may cause dyskinesias, increased cardiac rate |
| pramipexole(Mirapex) | used with parkinson's disease, works as a dopamine agonist(turns on receptors). SE: sleepiness, orthostatic hypotension, diskinesias. |
| selegiline(Eldepryl) | given WITH levodopa so that levodopa will be effective for a longer period of time. interacts with tyramine, causes severe hypertension. tyramine found in smoked aged foods:cheese, wine, smoked meats, sausages. |
| donezepil(Aricept) | used with alzheimers. inhibits cholinesterase, so acetylcholine increases, increased parasympathetic effects. helps maintain pt level of function, not make it better. |
| memantine(Namenda) | newer drug used with alzheimers.decrease progression of symptoms, but does not stop progression of disease entirely |
| interferon beta-1a(Avonex) interferon beta-1b(Retaseron) | used with multiple sclerosis. helps body's immune system work. given by injection. SE: flulike symptoms, pt feels tired, irritable, may have nausea/vomiting/diarrhea |
| sumatriptan(Imitrex) | used for migraines. group of drugs known as triptans. caused blood vessel constriction, pts may feel chest pressure or tightness, or dizzy from vessels tightening. pts with coronary artery disease(CAD) should NOT take these drugs. decrease O2 to heart |
Created by:
klevans21
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