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Psychology CH6
Learning
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Thorndike's view that pleasant events stamp in responses, and unpleasant events stamp them out. | Law of Effect |
| A pleasant stimulus that increases the frequency of the behavior it follows. | Reward |
| An unpleasant stimulus that suppresses the behavior it follows. | Punishment |
| To follow a response with a stimulus that increases the frequency of the response. | Reinforcement |
| Invented the Skinner Box and performed the pigeon project during WW2. | B.F. Skinner |
| Behavior that operates on, or manipulates, the environment. | Operant Behavior |
| A simple form of learning in which an organism learns to engage in certain behavior because it is reinforced. | Operant Conditioning |
| The same as an operant behavior. | Operant |
| An instrument that records the frequency of an organism's operants (or "correct" responses) as a function of the passage of time. | Cumulative Recorder |
| A reinforcer that when presented increases the frequency of an operant. | Positive Reinforcer |
| A reinforcer that when removed increases the frequency of an operant. | Negative Reinforcer |
| A reinforcer whose effectiveness is based on the biological makeup of the organism and not on learning. | Primary Reinforcer |
| A stimulus that gains reinforcement value through association with established reinforcers. | Secondary Reinforcer |
| Another term for a secondary reinforcer. | Conditioned Reinforcer |
| Removal of an organism from a situation in which reinforcement is available when unwanted behavior is shown. | Time Out |
| In operant conditioning, a stimulus that indicates that reinforcement is available (the lightbulb in Skinner Box. | Discriminative Stimulus |
| A schedule of reinforcement in which every correct response is reinforced. | Continuous Reinforcement |
| One of several reinforcement schedules in which not every correct response is reinforced. | Partial Reinforcement |
| A schedule in which a fixed amount of time must elapse between the previous and subsequent times that reinforcement is available. | Fixed-Interval Schedule |
| A schedule in which a variabl amount of time must elapse between the previous and subsequent times that reinforcement is available. | Variable-Interval Schedule |
| A schedule in which reinforcement is provided after a fixed number of correct responses. | Fixed-Ratio Schedule |
| A schedule in which reinforcement is provided after a variable number of correct responses. | Variable-Ratio Schedule |
| A procedure for teaching complex behaviors that at first reinforces approximations of the target behavior. | Shaping |
| Behaviors that are progressively closer to a target behavior. | Successive Approximations |
| Therapy techniques based on principles on learning that teach adaptive behavior and extinguish or discourage maladaptive behavior. | Behavior Modification |
| A method of teaching that breaks down tasks into small steps, each of which is reinforced and then combined to form the correct behavioral chain. | Programmed Learning |
| A mental representation of the layout of one's environment. | Cognitive Map |
| Learning that is hidden or concealed. | Latent Learning |
| An organism that engages in a response that is then imitated by another organism. | Model |
Created by:
SSalvage139
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