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RadPathology review

Pathology chapter 1,2,12

QuestionAnswer
Epidemiology the investigation of a disease in large groups
Etiology the study of the cause and origin of disease.
Disease any abnormal disturbance of the normal function or structure of a body part, organ, or system, may display a variety of manifestations.
Inflammation (inflammatory) refers to the body process of destroying, diluting, or walling off a localized injurious agent.
Pathology the study of structural and functional manifestations of disease.
Nosocomial diseases acquired in or from a health care environment.
Metastasis the spread of cancer.
Spondylolysis Condition marked by a cleft or breaking down of the body of a vertebra between the superior and inferior articular processes.
Whiplash-Hyperextension flexion injury of the spine
Subluxation an incomplete or partial dislocation.
Concussion widespread paralysis of brain function with headache, vertigo and vomiting.
Contusion neuron damage, edema, and punctate (pinpoint punctures and depressions) hemorrhaging.
Coup/Countercoup lesions coup- contusion formed on the side of the head where the trauma occurred. Countercoup-contusion formed on the opposite side of the skull in reference to the site of trauma.
Pneumothorax accumulation of free air or gas in the pleural space that compresses the lung tissue.
Hemothorax pleural effusion containing blood.
Atelectasis loss of air in a lung resulting from a partial or total collapse of a lung.
Hangmans fracture fx of arch of the 2nd Cervical, accompanied by anterior subluxation of the 2nd cerv. Vert. on the 3rd cervical vert. (atraumatic spondylosis) from hyperextension of the head.
Jeffersons fracture burst fx of the vertebral arch resulting from a severe axial force that causes compression, such as a diving accident.
Compression fracture fx produced by compression
Blowout fracture fx of the orbital floor resulting from a direct blow to the front of the orbit, with the force of the blow transferred to the orbital walls and floor.
Boxer’s fracture fx of the 5th metacarpal bone as a result of a blow to or with the hand.
Colle’s fracture fx through the distal 1 inch of the radius in which the distal fragment is displaced posteriorly.
Sign an objective manifestation that can be detected by the physician during examination.
Symptom refers to the patient’s perception of the disease.
Morbidity incidence in the population of illness sufficient to interfere with an individual’s normal daily routine.
Mortality the number of deaths from a particular disease averaged over a population
Prognosis prediction of course and outcome for a given disease.
Diagnosis name of disease an individual is believed to have.
Iatrogenic any adverse condition that occurs in a patient as a result of medical treatment.
Idiopathic having no identifiable causative factor
Acute having a quick onset and lasting a short period of time with a relatively severe course.
Chronic presenting slowly and persisting over a long period of time.
Congenital existing at, and usually before, birth and resulting from genetic or environmental factors.
Hereditary genetically transferred from either parent to child and derived from ancestors.
examples of metabolic diseases Diabetes and Hyperparathyroidism
Inflammatory diseases Pneumonia- Arthritis (all types)- Osteomyelitis- Tuberculosis- Arthropathies- Ankylosing sponylities
Congenital diseases Osteogenises Imperfecta (congenita) Achondroplasia Anencephaly
Hereditary diseases Achondroplais Osteopetrosis Osteogenises Imperfecta
Pott’s diseases tuberculosis of the spine
Created by: jcm061582
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