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Chapteer 2
root words and vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| aden/o | gland |
| adip/o | fat -.- |
| anatam/o | ??? ;O |
| anter/o | before.front |
| caud/o | lower part of body,(tail) |
| cephal/o , -ceps | head. |
| cyt/o , -cyte | cell. |
| eti/o | cause. |
| hist/o , hisit/o | tissue. |
| medi/o | ?? ;O |
| path/o , -pathy | disease , suffering , feeling ,emotion. |
| physi/o ,physic/o | nature , physical. |
| poster/o | behind ,toward the back. |
| proxim/o | near. |
| thora/o ,thorac/o | chest. |
| umbilic/o | navel. |
| ventro/o | in front , belly side of body. |
| end- , endo- | in, within , inside. |
| exo- | out of, outside, away from. |
| peri- | surrounding , around. |
| retro- | behind, backward , back of. |
| -ologist | specialist |
| -ology | the science or the study of. |
| plas/i , plas/o -plasia | development,growth, formation. |
| -stasis | control |
| throph/o , -trophy | development , nourishment. |
| abdominal cavity | the cavity containing the major viscera; in mammals it is separated from the thorax by the diaphragm. |
| Adenectomy | Medicine / Surgery) surgical removal of a gland. |
| adenocarcinoma | A malignant tumor originating in glandular tissue. |
| adenoma | A benign epithelial tumor having a glandular origin and structure. |
| adenosclerosis | hardening of a gland. |
| anaplasia | loss of differentiation of cells and of their orientation to one another and to their axial framework and blood vessels, a characteristic of tumor tissue. |
| anatomy | the science of the structure of living organisms. |
| anomaly | marked deviation from normal, especially as a result of congenital or hereditary defects. |
| anterior | situated at or directed toward the front opposite of posterior. |
| aplasia | 1. Congenital absence of an organ or tissue. 2. Incomplete, retarded, or defective development of an organ or tissue. 3. Cessation of the usual regenerative process in an organ or tissue. |
| bloodborne transmission | A blood-borne disease is one that can be spread through contamination by blood. The most common examples are HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and viral hemorrhagic fevers. Diseases that are not usually transmitted directly by blood contact, but rather by i |
| caudal | 1. pertaining to a cauda. 2. situated more toward the cauda, or tail, than some specified reference point; toward the inferior (in humans) or posterior (in animals) end of the body. |
| cephalic | 1. Of or relating to the head. 2. Located on, in, or near the head. |
| chromosomes | Spaghetti-like structures located within the nucleus or central portion of each cell.Chromosomes contain the genetic information necessary to direct the development and functioning of all cells and systems in the body.They pass on hereditary traits from p |
| communicable disease | any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of any body part, organ, or system that is manifested by a characteristic set of symptoms and signs and whose etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown. |
| congenital disorder | Congenital absence or partial absence of the lower jaw. |
| cytoplasm | The protoplasm outside a cell nucleus. |
| distal | 1. Anatomically located far from a point of reference, such as an origin or a point of attachment. 2. Situated farthest from the middle and front of the jaw, as a tooth or tooth surface. |
| dorsal | . pertaining to the back or to any dorsum. denoting a position more toward the back surface than some other object of reference; a synonym of posterior in human anatomy and of superior in the anatomy of quadrupeds. |
| dysplasia | 1. abnormality of development. 2. in pathology, alteration in size, shape, and organization of adult cells |
| endemic | present or usually prevalent in a population at all times. |
| endocrine glands | an aggregation of cells specialized to secrete or excrete materials not related to their ordinary metabolic needs. |
| epidemic | occurring suddenly in numbers clearly in excess of normal expectancy |
| epigastric region | the part of the abdomen in the upper zone between the right and left hypochondriac regions. |
| etiology | 1. the science dealing with causes of disease. 2. the cause of a disease. |
| exocrine glands | an aggregation of cells specialized to secrete or excrete materials not related to their ordinary metabolic needs. |
| functional disorder | a derangement or abnormality of function a morbid physical or mental. |
| genetic disorder | A pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene or by a chromosomal aberration. Also called hereditary disease, inherited disorder. |
| geriatrician | A physician who specializes in geriatrics. |
| hemophilia | Any of several hereditary blood-coagulation disorders in which the blood fails to clot normally because of a deficiency or abnormality of one of the clotting factors. Hemophilia, a recessive trait associated with the X-chromosome, is manifested almost ex |
| histology | 1. The anatomical study of the microscopic structure of animal and plant tissues. 2. The microscopic structure of tissue. |
| homeosstasis | The ability or tendency of an organism or cell to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes. |
| hyperthrophy | enlargement or overgrowth of an organ or part due to increase in size of its constituent cells. |
| hyperplasia | abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement in an organ or tissue, which increases its volume. |
| hypogastric region | a plane with more or less definite boundaries; called also regio. abdominal r's the areas into which the anterior surface of the abdomen is divided, including the epigastric, hypochondriac (right and left), iliac (right and left), lumbar (right and left) |
| hypolasia | incomplete development or underdevelopment of an organ or tissue. |
| iatrogenic illness | Any complication related to diagnosis and treatment of disease, regardless of whether the condition occurs as a known risk of a procedure or through errors of omission or commission |
| idiopathic disorder | any disease arising from internal dysfunctions of unknown cause. a physical condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning; "the doctor prescribed some medicine for the disorder"; "everyone gets stomach upsets from time to time" |
| infectious disease | Any disease caused by the entrance, growth, and multiplication of microorganisms in the body; a germ disease. It may not be contagious. |
| inguinal | pertaining to the groin. |
| medial | 1. situated toward the median plane or midline of the body or a structure. 2. pertaining to the middle layer of structures. |
| mesentery | A double layer of peritoneum attached to the abdominal wall and enclosing in its fold certain organs of the abdominal viscera.A fold of the peritoneum that connects the intestines to the dorsal abdominal wall,especially such a fold that envelops the jejun |
| midsagittal plane | a vertical plane through the midline of the body; divides the body into right and left halves. Also called the median plane. |
| nosocomial infection | An infection that can be acquired in a hospital. ABPA is a nosocomial infection. |
| pandemic | 1. a widespread epidemic of a disease. 2. widely epidemic. |
| pelvic cavity | the space within the walls of the pelvis |
| peritoneum | the serous membrane lining the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities (parietal p.) and investing the contained viscera (visceral p.), the two layers enclosing a potential space, the peritoneal cavity. |
| peritonitis | Peritonitis is an inflammation of the membrane which lines the inside of the abdomen and all of the internal organs. This membrane is called the peritoneum. |
| phenylketonuria | a rare metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency in the production of the hepatic (liver). |
| physiology | the science which treats of the functions of the living organism and its parts,and of the physical and chemical factors and processes involved.the basic processes underlying the functioning of a species or class of organism,or any of its parts or processe |
| posterior | directed toward or situated at the back; opposite of anterior |
| proximal | nearest to a point of reference, as to a center or median line or to the point of attachment or origin. |
| retroperitoneal | posterior to the peritoneum |
| stem cells | Parent cells from which other cells are made |
| throaric cavity | the part of the ventral body cavity between the neck and the diaphragm. |
| transverse plane | one passing horizontally through the body, at right angles to the sagittal and frontal planes, and dividing the body into upper and lower portions. |
| umbilicus | the navel; the scar marking the site of attachment of the umbilical cord in the fetus. |
| ventral | 1. pertaining to the abdomen or to any venter. 2. directed toward or situated on the belly surface; opposite of dorsal. |
| vector-borne transmission | indirect transmission of an infectious agent that occurs when a vector bites or touches a person. |
| skeletal system | bones,joints and cartilage supports and shapes he body.Protects the internal organs.forms some blood cells and stores minerals. |
| muscular system | muscles,fascia and tendons holds the body erect. makes movement possible. moves body fluidds and generates body heat |
| cardiovascular system | heart,arteries,veins,capillaries and blood blood circulates throughout the body to transport oxyfen and nutrients to cells and to carry waste products to the kidney where waste is removed by filtration. |
| lymphatic system | lymph,lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes removes and transports waste productss from the fluid between the cells.destroys harmful substances such as pathogens and cancer cells in the lymph nodes.returns the filtered lymph tothebloodstreamwhere it becomes |
| immune system | tonsils, sleeen , thymus,skins and specialized blood cells. defends the body against invading pathogens and allergens. |
| respiratory system | nose pharynx,thrachea,larynx and lungs brings oxygen into the body for transporation to cells.removes carbon dioxide and some water waste from the body |
| digestive system | mouth,esophagus,stomach,small intestines,liver and prancreas digests ingested food so it can be absorbed into the bloodstream.Elimintaes solid waste |
| urinary sytem | kidneys,ureters, urinary bladder ,and urethra. filters blood to remove waste. maintains the electrolyte and fluid balance within the body. |
| nervous system | nerves,brain,and sppiral cord coordinates the reception of stimuli. transmitts messages througout the body. |
| special senses | eyes and ears receive visual and auditory information and transit to the brain. |
| integumentary system | skin,sebaceous glands,and sweat glands. protect the body against invasion by bacteria. aids in reulating the body temperatur and water content. |
| endocrine system | adrenal glands,gonads,pancreas,parathyroids,pineal,pituitary,tymus and thyroid. integrates alll body functions |
| reproductive system | male; penis and testicles females; ovaries, uterus,and vagina. produces new life. |
| Genetic ; definition 1 | a gene is a fundamental and physical functional unit of heredity. Genes control heredity disorder and all the physical traits such as hair, skin and eye color. |
| Genetic ; definition 2 | study of how genes are transferred from parents to their children and the role of genes in health and disease (gene means producing and its -tics means pertaining to.)a specialist in this field is known as a genecist |
| dominant gene | is inherited fro eithere from ether parent, the offspring will inherit that genetic condition or characteristics. |
| recessive gene | inherited from both parents, the offspring will have that condition for example,sickle cell anemia is a group of inherited red blood cell disorder that are transmitted by a recessive gene. |
| sickle cell anemia trait | when this gene is transmitted by both parents, the child will have sickle cell anemia. when a recessive gene is inherited from only one parent and a normal gene is inherited for the other parent, the offspring condition. |
| Genome | is the complete set of genetic information of an individual. the human genome project was formed to study this genetic code in all people and found that it is over 99% indentical among humans throught the world. |
Created by:
michellee
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