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Psychology Ch.7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| retention of information over time | memory |
| false but subjectively compelling memory | memory illusion |
| a memory in which we see ourselves as an outside observer would | observer memory |
| brief storage of perceptual information before it is passed to short-term memory | sensory memory |
| visual sensory memory - last for a second and are then gone forever | iconic memory |
| people with this can supposedly hold a visual image in their minds with such clarity that they can describe it perfectly or almost perfectly | eidetic imagery "photographic memory" |
| auditory sensory memory - can last 5 to 10 seconds | echoic memory |
| memory system that retains information for limited durations | short-term memory |
| our ability to hold onto information we're currently thinking about, attending to, or processing actively | working memory |
| fading of information from memory over time | decay |
| loss of information from memory because of competition from additional incoming information | interference |
| interference with retention of old information due to acquisition of new information | retroactive interference |
| interference with acquisition of new information due to previous learning of information | proactive interference |
| the span of short-term memory: seven plus or minus two pieces of information | magic number |
| organizing information into meaningful groupings, allowing us to extend the span of short-term memory | chunking |
| repeating information to extend the duration of retention in short-term memory | rehearsal |
| repeating stimuli in their original form to retain them in short-term memory (repeating a phone number) | maintenance rehearsal |
| linking stimuli to each other in meaningful ways to improve retention of information in short-term memory | elaborative rehearsal |
| depth of transforming information, which influences how easily we remember it | levels of processing |
| relatively enduring (from minutes to years) retention of information stored regarding our facts, experiences, and skills | long-term memory |
| tendency to remember words at the beginning of a list especially well | primacy effect |
| tendency to remember words at the end of a list especially well | recency effect |
| our knowledge of facts about the world | semantic memory |
| recollection of events in our lives | episodic memory |
| memories we recall intentionally and of which we have conscious awareness | explicit memory |
| memories we don't deliberately remember or reflect on consciously | implicit memory |
| memory for motor skills and habits | procedural memory |
| our ability to identify a stimulus more easily or more quickly after we've encountered similar stimuli | priming |
| process of getting information into our memory banks | encoding |
| a learning aid, strategy, or device that enhances recall | mnemonic |
| process of keeping information in memory | storage |
| organized knowledge structure or mental model that we've stored in memory | schema |
| reactivation or reconstruction of experiences from our memory stores | retrival |
| hints that makes it easier for us to recall information | retrieval cues |
| generating previously remembering information | recall |
| selecting previously remembered information from an array of option | recognition |
| reacquiring knowledge that we'd previously learned but largely forgotten over time | relearning |
| experience of knowing that we know something but being unable to access it | tip of the tongue phenomenon |
| phenomenon of remembering something better when the conditions under which we retrieve information are similar to the conditions under which we encoded it | encoding specificity |
| superior retrieval of memories when the external context of the original memories matches the retrieval context | context dependent learning |
| superior retrieval of memories when the organism is in the same physiological of psychological state as it was during encoding (alcoholics who say they need to get drunk to remember where they put something) | state dependent learning |
| our current psychological state can distort memories of our past | retrospective bias |
| knowledge about our memory abilities and limitations | meta-memory skills |
| the inability of adults to retrieve accurate memories before an early age | infantile amnesia |
| emotional memories that are extraordinarily vivid and detailed | flashbulb memories |
| capture the idea that many seeming flashbulb memories are false | phantom flashbulb memory |
| lack of clarity about the origin of a memory (remembering a phrase but not who said it) | source monitoring confusion |
| failure to recognize that our ideas originated with someone else | cryptomnesia |
| procedure that encourages patients to recall memories that may or may not have taken place | suggestive memory techniques |
| claim that patients repress their memories of traumatic events and then recover them years or decades later | memory recovery therapists |
| seven sins of memory: | suggestibility, misattribution, bias, transience, persistence, blocking, absentmindedness |
Created by:
rlhaas
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