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Neurons1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| neurons | individual cells that are the smallest units of the nervous system |
| myelin sheath | white fatty covering found on some axons |
| glial cells | cells that insulate and support neurons by holding them together |
| sensory neurons | neurons that carry messages from the sense organs to the spinal cord and brain |
| motor neurons | neurons that carry messages from the spinal cord or brain to the muscles and glands |
| interneurons | neurons that carry messages from one neuron to another |
| resting potential | electrical charge across a neuron membrane due to excess positive ions concentrated on the outside and excess negative ions on the inside |
| polarization | the condition of a neuron when the inside is negatively charged relative to the outside |
| neural impulse or action potential | the firing of a nerve cell |
| threshold of excitation | the level an impulse must exceed to cause a neuron to fire |
| all or none law | principle that the action potential in a neuron does not vary in strength the neuron either fires at full strength or it does not fire at all |
| absolute threshold | a period after firing when a neuron will not fire again no matter how strong the incoming messages may be |
| relative refractory period | a period after firing when a neuron is returning to its normal polarized state and will fire again only if the incoming message is much strong than usual |
| synapse space | tiny gap between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of the next neuron |
| synapse | area composed of the axon terminal of one neuron the synaptic space and the dendrite or cell body of the next neuron |
| synaptic vesicle | tiny sacs in a terminal button that release chemicals into the synapse |
| neurotransmitters | chemicals released by the synaptic vesicles that travel across the synaptic space and affect adjacent neurons |
| central nervous system | the brain and the spinal cord |
| peripheral nervous system | division of the nervous system that connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body |
| afferent neurons | neurons carry messages from the spinal cord or brain to the muscles and glands |
| efferent neurons | neurons that carry messages from the spinal cord or brain to the muscles and glands |
| somatic nervous system | carries messages from the senses the central nervous system and between the central nervous system and the skeletal muscles |
| autonomic nervous system | carries messages between the central nervous system and the internal organs |
| sympathetic nervous system | prepares the body for quick action in an emergency |
| parasympathetic nervous system | calms and relaxes the body |
| medulla | regulates heart rate blood pressure and breathing |
| pons | regulates sleep wake cycles |
| hypothalmus | forebrain region that governs motivation and emotional responses |
| thalamus | forebrain region that relays and translates incoming messages from the sense receptors except those for smell |
| limbic system | ring of structures that plays a role in learning and emotional behavior |
| hippocampus | a structure of the limbic system that plays a role in the formation of certain types of memory |
| amygdala | a limbic system structure involved in aspects of emotional control and formation of emotional memories |
| cerebral cortex | the outer surfaces of the two cerebral hemispheres that regulates most complex behavior |
| frontal lobe | responsible for voluntary movement |
| parietal lobe | receives sensory information |
| occipital lobe | receives and interprets visual information |
| temporal lobe | helps regulate hearing balance and equilibrium and certain emotions and motivations |
| corpus callosum | connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres |
| endocrine glands | releases hormones into the bloodstream |
| hormones | they help regulate bodily activities |
| pituitary gland | it produces the largest number of the body's hormones |
Created by:
kbpedroz
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