Question 1

neurons

Accepted Answer

basic units of the nervous system;

cells that receieve, integrate, and transmit info in the nervous system

operate through electrical impulses, communicate w/ other neurons through chemical signals & form neural networks

Question 2

2 types of neurons

Accepted Answer

1) Sensory neurons aka afferent neurons
2) Motor neurons aka  efferent neurons

Question 3

Sensory neurons

Accepted Answer

1 of the 3 types of neurons

these afferent neurons detect info from the physical world and pass it to the brain

carry info to the brain

Question 4

Motor neurons

Accepted Answer

1 of 3 types of neurons

these efferent neurons direct muscles to contract or relax, thereby producing movement

brain --> body muscles

Question 5

dendrites

Accepted Answer

branchlike extensions of the neuron that DETECT info from other neurons

Question 6

cell body

Accepted Answer

site, in the neuron, where info from thousands of other neuron is COLLECTED and INTEGRATED

Question 7

axon

Accepted Answer

long narrow outgrowth of a neuron by which info is TRANSMITTED to other neurons

Question 8

terminal buttons

Accepted Answer

small nodules, at the ends of axons, that RELEASE chemical signals from the neuron into the synapse.

Question 9

action potential

Accepted Answer

neural impulse that passes along the axon and subsequently causes the release of chemicals from the terminal buttons

Question 10

neurotransmitters

Accepted Answer

chemical substances that carry signals from one neuron to another

chemical substances that carry signals across the synaptic cleft

Question 11

agonists

Accepted Answer

drugs that ENHANCE the actions of neurotransmitters

Question 12

antagonists

Accepted Answer

drugs that INHIBIT the actions of neurotransmitters

Question 13

Neurotransmitter: Dopamine

Accepted Answer

Function: 

Reward and motivation
Motor control over voluntary movement

Question 14

Neurotransmitter: Serotonin

Accepted Answer

Functions:

Emotional states and impulsiveness
Dreaming

Question 15

Neurotransmitter: Endrophins

Accepted Answer

Functions:

Pain reduction
Reward

Question 16

Broca's area

Accepted Answer

a small portion of the left frontal region of the brain, crucial for the production of language

Question 17

hypothalamas

Accepted Answer

brain structure that is involved in the regulation of bodily functions, including body temperature, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels; it also influences our basic motivated behaviors

Question 18

hippocampus

Accepted Answer

brain structure that is associated with the formation of memories

Question 19

amygdala

Accepted Answer

brain structure that serves a vital role in our learning to associate things with emotional responses and in processing emotional info

Question 20

cerebral cortex

Accepted Answer

outer layer of brain tissue, which forms the convoluted surface of the brain

Question 21

occipital lobes

Accepted Answer

regions of the cerebral cortex - at the back of the brain - important for vision

Question 22

the 3 lobes

Accepted Answer

1) parietal lobes
2) temporar lobes
3) frontal lobes

Question 23

parietal lobes

Accepted Answer

devoted partially to TOUCH

regions of the cerebral cortex - front of the occipital lobes and behind the frontal lobes

Question 24

temporal lobes

Accepted Answer

hold the primary auditory cortex
responsible for HEARING

regions of the cerebral cortex - below the parietal lobes and in front of the occipital lobes - important foor processing auditory info, for memory, and for object and face perception

Question 25

frontal lobes

Accepted Answer

essential for PLANNING and MOVEMENT

regions of the cerebral cortex - at the front of the brain - important for MOVEMENT and higher-leve psychological processes associated w/ the prefrontal cortex

Question 26

prefrontal cortex

Accepted Answer

occupies 30% of the brain in humans

frontmost portion of the frontal lobes, especially prominent in humans; important for ATTENTION, WORKING MEMORY, DECISION MAKING, appropriate SOCIAL BEHAVIOR, and PERSONALITY

Question 27

2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system

Accepted Answer

1) sympathetic division
2) parasympathetic division

Question 28

sympathetic division

Accepted Answer

a division of the autonomic nervous; prepares the body for ACTION

Question 29

parasympathetic division

Accepted Answer

a division of the autonomic nervous system; returns the body to its RESTING STATE

Question 30

monozygotic twins

Accepted Answer

IDENTICAL TWINS

twin siblings that result from one zygote splitting in two and therefore share the same genes

Question 31

dizygotic twins

Accepted Answer

FRATERNAL TWINS

twin siblings that result from two separately fertilized eggs and therefore are no more similar genetically than nontwin siblings

Question 32

heritability

Accepted Answer

statistical estimate of the extent to which variation in a trait within a population is due to genetic factors

Question 33

plasticity

Accepted Answer

property of the brain that allows it to change as a result of experience, drugs, or injury

Question	Answer
neurons	basic units of the nervous system; cells that receieve, integrate, and transmit info in the nervous system operate through electrical impulses, communicate w/ other neurons through chemical signals & form neural networks
2 types of neurons	1) Sensory neurons aka afferent neurons 2) Motor neurons aka efferent neurons
Sensory neurons	1 of the 3 types of neurons these afferent neurons detect info from the physical world and pass it to the brain carry info to the brain
Motor neurons	1 of 3 types of neurons these efferent neurons direct muscles to contract or relax, thereby producing movement brain --> body muscles
dendrites	branchlike extensions of the neuron that DETECT info from other neurons
cell body	site, in the neuron, where info from thousands of other neuron is COLLECTED and INTEGRATED
axon	long narrow outgrowth of a neuron by which info is TRANSMITTED to other neurons
terminal buttons	small nodules, at the ends of axons, that RELEASE chemical signals from the neuron into the synapse.
action potential	neural impulse that passes along the axon and subsequently causes the release of chemicals from the terminal buttons
neurotransmitters	chemical substances that carry signals from one neuron to another chemical substances that carry signals across the synaptic cleft
agonists	drugs that ENHANCE the actions of neurotransmitters
antagonists	drugs that INHIBIT the actions of neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitter: Dopamine	Function: Reward and motivation Motor control over voluntary movement
Neurotransmitter: Serotonin	Functions: Emotional states and impulsiveness Dreaming
Neurotransmitter: Endrophins	Functions: Pain reduction Reward
Broca's area	a small portion of the left frontal region of the brain, crucial for the production of language
hypothalamas	brain structure that is involved in the regulation of bodily functions, including body temperature, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels; it also influences our basic motivated behaviors
hippocampus	brain structure that is associated with the formation of memories
amygdala	brain structure that serves a vital role in our learning to associate things with emotional responses and in processing emotional info
cerebral cortex	outer layer of brain tissue, which forms the convoluted surface of the brain
occipital lobes	regions of the cerebral cortex - at the back of the brain - important for vision
the 3 lobes	1) parietal lobes 2) temporar lobes 3) frontal lobes
parietal lobes	devoted partially to TOUCH regions of the cerebral cortex - front of the occipital lobes and behind the frontal lobes
temporal lobes	hold the primary auditory cortex responsible for HEARING regions of the cerebral cortex - below the parietal lobes and in front of the occipital lobes - important foor processing auditory info, for memory, and for object and face perception
frontal lobes	essential for PLANNING and MOVEMENT regions of the cerebral cortex - at the front of the brain - important for MOVEMENT and higher-leve psychological processes associated w/ the prefrontal cortex
prefrontal cortex	occupies 30% of the brain in humans frontmost portion of the frontal lobes, especially prominent in humans; important for ATTENTION, WORKING MEMORY, DECISION MAKING, appropriate SOCIAL BEHAVIOR, and PERSONALITY
2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system	1) sympathetic division 2) parasympathetic division
sympathetic division	a division of the autonomic nervous; prepares the body for ACTION
parasympathetic division	a division of the autonomic nervous system; returns the body to its RESTING STATE
monozygotic twins	IDENTICAL TWINS twin siblings that result from one zygote splitting in two and therefore share the same genes
dizygotic twins	FRATERNAL TWINS twin siblings that result from two separately fertilized eggs and therefore are no more similar genetically than nontwin siblings
heritability	statistical estimate of the extent to which variation in a trait within a population is due to genetic factors
plasticity	property of the brain that allows it to change as a result of experience, drugs, or injury

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Psych 100 Chapter 3