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Pharmacology
Bit by bit putting it together
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cholinergic agonist (direct), contracts the CIRCULAR MUSCLE of the iris, producing miosis but also pulling eyeball back, enabling reabsorption of aqueous humor thru venous canal @ angle of eye | Pilocarpine (Pilocar) |
| Cholingergic agonist (indirect), an inhibitor of Ach-esterase in the neuromuscular junction (used to dx MG) | Edrophonium (Tensilon) |
| Cholingergic agonist (indirect), an inhibitor of Ach-esterase in the brain, so that the small amount of ACh (characteristic of Alzheimer's) stays there longer | Donezepil (Aricept) |
| Three reversible inhibitors of ACh-esterase | Edrophonium (Tensilon), Donezepil (Aricept), and the more commonly known Tacrine |
| Three IRREVERSIBLE inhibitos of ACh-esterase | Malathion, Parathion, Sarin (nerve gas) |
| Antidote to poisoning with Sarin nerve gas | Atropine + Pralidoxime |
| Used as antidote to cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning | Atropine |
| Cholinergic agonists act at what THREE sites? | 1) Neuromuscular junction (somatic NS), 2) ALL GANGLIA, 3) Effector organs of parasympathetic nervous system |
| Adrenertic agonists act at ONLY ONE site. What is it? | Effector organs of sympathetic nervous system |
| Cholingergic antagonists can be subdivided into THREE classes. Other than ganglion blockers (which were too non-specific to be of great use), what are the other TWO? | Muscarinic antagonists. Neuromuscular antagonists. |
| Give most common example of a muscarinic antagonist and tell what it is used for | Atropine!! (antidote to ACh-esterase poisoning) but also used for severe bradycardia (very slow HT rate), bed wetting and as pre-anesthetic to reduce liquid secretions |
| Name a cholingergic antagonist (muscarinic antagonist) commonly administered via a transdermal patch and used for MOTION SICKNESS (and classified in Lange flashcards as CNS depressant) | Scopolamine |
| Name a cholingergic antagonist (muscarinic antagonist) used to dilate bronchii in COPD | Ipratropium |
| Name a cholingergic antagonist (muscarinic antagonist) used to decrease motility of GI tract for persons with IBS | Dicyclomine (not in Lange deck. ask why!!) |
| Name a cholingergic antagonist (muscarinic antagonist) that is used (similar to Benztropine) as ADJUVANT THERAPY in treating Parkinson's disease | Trihexyphenidyl |
| This cholinergic antagonist is not a muscarinic antagonist (Atropine->bradycardia, Scopolamine->motion, Ipratropium->COPD, Dicyclomine->IBS, Trihexyphenidyl->Parkinson's) but a NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKER, often used to relax pharynx muscles before intubation | Succinycholine (Anectine) |
| This subclass of cholinergic antagonists BLOCK the effects of ACh by interacting with the NICOTINIC RECEPTORS at the NMJ | Neuromuscular Blockers |
| This subclass of cholinergic antagonists produce skeletal muscle relaxation (by acting at the nicotinic receptors of SOMATIC nervous system) | Neuromuscular blockers |
| This subclass of cholinergic antagonists are often used during surgery (or anesthesia) to produce complete relaxtion of (skeletal) muscle | This subclass of cholinergic antagonists |
| These drugs are classified as depolarizing & nondepolarizing blockers based on theri MOA | This subclass of cholinergic antagonists |
| The depolarizing blocker binds to receptor and... | OPENS the ion channel |
| The nondepolarizing blocker binds to receptor but... | does not open the ion channel |
| miosis | pin point pupil, as result of activation of MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS (of parasympathetic NS) |
| mydriasis | dilated pupil, as result of INHIBITION/antagonism of nicotinic or muscarinic receptors (of parasympathetic NS) |
| cycloplegia (blurry vision) | dilated pupil, as result of INHIBITION/antagonism of nicotinic or muscarinic receptors (of parasympathetic NS) |
| Common side effects of cholinergic antagonists | Dry mouth, dry eyes, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention |
| Cholinergic antagonists might produce | Drowsiness, hallucinations, coma |
| Cholinergic antagonists might produce | mydriasis and cycloplegia |
| Cholinergic antagonists might produce | flushing |
| Cholinergic antagonists might produce | reduced sweating |
| Cholinergic antagonists might produce | reduced GI motility |
| Cholinergic antagonists might produce | (at high doses) increased heart rate |
| Cholinergic antagonists might produce | bronchodilation and decreased secretion |
| Cholinergic antagonists might produce | urinary retention |
| Cholinergic agonists might produce | miosis |
| Cholinergic agonists might produce | decreased heart rate |
| Cholinergic agonists might produce | bronchial constriction and increased secretion |
| Cholinergic agonists might produce | increased GI motility |
| Cholinergic agonists might produce | relaxation of sphincters |
| Cholinergic agonists might produce | bladder wall contraction |
| Cholinergic agonists might produce | increased glandular secretion |
Created by:
mrbarr
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