Question 1

What can make a normal study look pathologic?

Accepted Answer

Underpenetration.

**Creates a flase brightness.

Question 2

What type of Xray is more likely to pass through?

Accepted Answer

High

Question 3

Know the 5 basic radiographic densities ***Test

Accepted Answer

1.Air (black).
2.Fat (Dark Grey).
3.Soft tissue/fluid (light Grey).
4.Mineral (white).
5.Metal (bright white).

...Seriously... if you miss these, Ill punch you straight in the jejunum

Question 4

What does MD PLOTS stand for?

Accepted Answer

1.M: mediastinum.
2.D: diaphragms.
3.P: pleura.
4.L: lungs.
5.O: osseous structures.
6.T: trachea.
7.S: stomach.

Question 5

What else can you add to MD PLOTS?

Accepted Answer

VITAMINS:
1.Vascular.
2.Infection.
3.Trauma.
4.Autoimmune.
5.Metabolic.
6.Inflammatory.
7.Neoplastic.
8.Structural.

Question 6

What is a common occurance at the Aortic-pulmonic window? (space b/w aortic knob and pulmonary artery)

Accepted Answer

Adenopathy, it will no longer be indented.

Question 7

Which hemidiaphragm SHOULD ALWAYS be higher?

Accepted Answer

R

Question 8

Which hilum SHOULD ALWAYS be higher?

Accepted Answer

L.


**If no, pathologic

Question 9

Lower 1/2 of R lung on a PA view?

Accepted Answer

RML.

**Most common spot for silhouette sign

Question 10

What does the RML sit right in from of?

Accepted Answer

The R Lower lobe.


**This is why you MUST get 2 CXR views.

Question 11

How many CXR views should you get?

Accepted Answer

2. PA and Lateral

Question 12

On a PA CXR, where does the L Upper Lobe end?

Accepted Answer

It goes from the apex ALL THE WAY DOWN to the diaphragm.


**can cause a silhouette sign on the L side of the heart.

Question 13

What can block pathology in the L lower Lobe on a PA CXR?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm.

**It is behind the LUL, starting 1/3 down from the apex and goes below the diaphragm.

Question 14

If you see something abnormal on a plain view CXR, what is the NEXT study you do? ***TEST*** ***TEST***

Accepted Answer

Chest CT

Question 15

What are the two types of disease you can see in the lungs on CXR?

Accepted Answer

1.Airspace (alveolar) disease.
2.Intersitial disease.

***Know how to differentiate on the test.

Question 16

What are 2 important signs you MUST KNOW FOR THE TEST that are associated with alveolar (airspace) disease? ***TEST

Accepted Answer

1.Air bronchogram.
2.Silhouette sign (2 similar densities abutting eachother)

Question 17

Alveolar or Interstital lung disease based on CXR findings: Cloud-like

Accepted Answer

Alveolar.

**means focal and acute

Question 18

What is the most common alveolar lung disease? what is the most common cause?

Accepted Answer

Pneumonia. BACTERIAL

Question 19

Alveolar or Interstital lung disease based on CXR findings: Pulmonary edema

Accepted Answer

Alveolar

Question 20

Alveolar or Interstital lung disease based on CXR findings: Air bronchogram

Accepted Answer

Alveolar

Question 21

Alveolar or Interstital lung disease based on CXR findings: Silhouette sign

Accepted Answer

Alveolar

Question 22

Alveolar or Interstital lung disease based on CXR findings: line-like (linear, Kerly B lines)

Accepted Answer

Interstitial

Question 23

Alveolar or Interstital lung disease based on CXR findings: Lungs look coarse, fine reticular, nodular, reticulonodular

Accepted Answer

Interstitial

Question 24

What is Silhouette sign? give some examples of it

Accepted Answer

the border of a normally visible structure is obscured by adjacent pathology.
1.ex: RML pneumonia obscures the right heart border**.
2.ex: Lingular pneumonia obscures the left heart border**.

Question 25

What is air bronchogram sign?

Accepted Answer

Occurs when blood, pus or fluid fills the alveoli providing a background such that air within bronchi becomes visible.

**The air bronchogram is the hallmark of alveolar lung disease

Question 26

What three things can enter/fill the alveoli to cause Airspace disease?

Accepted Answer

1.Blood (pulmonary contusion).
2.Pus (pneumonia).
3.Fluid (pulmonary edema).

Question 27

Alveolar or Interstital lung disease based on CXR findings: Bat Wing/ Butterfly sign

Accepted Answer

Alveolar (pulmonary edema)

Question 28

Alveolar or Interstital lung disease based on CXR findings: Large Hila, Normal heart, Sharp gutters, and indistinct interstitial space

Accepted Answer

Interstitial

Question 29

What is the best way to interpret CXRs?

Accepted Answer

Compare to OLD films

Question 30

CXR findings with COPD

Accepted Answer

1.Hyperlucency.
2.Hyperinflation.
3.Flattening of the hemidiagphragms (FIRST SIGN).
4.Barrel Chest.
5.Rapid tapering of the vasculature.
6.Inc size of RETROSTERNAL CLEAR SPACE.
7.Bulla.
8.Bleb

Question 31

What type of things tend to cause Interstitial disease? is it usually Acute or Chronic?

Accepted Answer

1.Viral.
2.Chronic

Question 32

Alveolar or Interstital lung disease based on CXR findings: consolidation

Accepted Answer

Alveolar

Question 33

List the conditions that cause hyperinflation in the lungs

Accepted Answer

1.Emphysema.
2.Asthma.
3.Bronchitis.
4.Foreign bodies.
5.ET tube in MSB.
6.Positive pressure ventilation.

Question 34

Differentiate b/w a Bleb and a Bulla

Accepted Answer

1.BULLA: coalescence or alveoli.
2.BLEB: focal air collection in pleural space.


**BULLA are much LARGER

Question 35

are bullas or blebs prone to infections?

Accepted Answer

Bullas

Question 36

What is another word for volume loss in the lungs? list the classic findings

Accepted Answer

Atelectasis:
1.Elevation of ipsilateral diaphragm.
2.Traction effect on trachea and mediastinum (pulls it towards that side).
3.Crowding of pulmonary markings

Question 37

4 causes of Atelectasis (volume loss)

Accepted Answer

1.Airway Obstruction (mucous plug, tumor).
2.Airway Compression (pleural effusion).
3.Scarring.
4.Adhesion (Dec surfactant)

Resp Maki

Resp Radiology - Maki

Question	Answer
What can make a normal study look pathologic?	Underpenetration. **Creates a flase brightness.
What type of Xray is more likely to pass through?	High
Know the 5 basic radiographic densities ***Test	1.Air (black). 2.Fat (Dark Grey). 3.Soft tissue/fluid (light Grey). 4.Mineral (white). 5.Metal (bright white). ...Seriously... if you miss these, Ill punch you straight in the jejunum
What does MD PLOTS stand for?	1.M: mediastinum. 2.D: diaphragms. 3.P: pleura. 4.L: lungs. 5.O: osseous structures. 6.T: trachea. 7.S: stomach.
What else can you add to MD PLOTS?	VITAMINS: 1.Vascular. 2.Infection. 3.Trauma. 4.Autoimmune. 5.Metabolic. 6.Inflammatory. 7.Neoplastic. 8.Structural.
What is a common occurance at the Aortic-pulmonic window? (space b/w aortic knob and pulmonary artery)	Adenopathy, it will no longer be indented.
Which hemidiaphragm SHOULD ALWAYS be higher?	R
Which hilum SHOULD ALWAYS be higher?	L. **If no, pathologic
Know the lung lobes for the test***
Lower 1/2 of R lung on a PA view?	RML. **Most common spot for silhouette sign
What does the RML sit right in from of?	The R Lower lobe. **This is why you MUST get 2 CXR views.
How many CXR views should you get?	2. PA and Lateral
On a PA CXR, where does the L Upper Lobe end?	It goes from the apex ALL THE WAY DOWN to the diaphragm. **can cause a silhouette sign on the L side of the heart.
What can block pathology in the L lower Lobe on a PA CXR?	Diaphragm. **It is behind the LUL, starting 1/3 down from the apex and goes below the diaphragm.
If you see something abnormal on a plain view CXR, what is the NEXT study you do? *TEST* *TEST*	Chest CT
What are the two types of disease you can see in the lungs on CXR?	1.Airspace (alveolar) disease. 2.Intersitial disease. ***Know how to differentiate on the test.
What are 2 important signs you MUST KNOW FOR THE TEST that are associated with alveolar (airspace) disease? ***TEST	1.Air bronchogram. 2.Silhouette sign (2 similar densities abutting eachother)
Alveolar or Interstital lung disease based on CXR findings: Cloud-like	Alveolar. **means focal and acute
What is the most common alveolar lung disease? what is the most common cause?	Pneumonia. BACTERIAL
Alveolar or Interstital lung disease based on CXR findings: Pulmonary edema	Alveolar
Alveolar or Interstital lung disease based on CXR findings: Air bronchogram	Alveolar
Alveolar or Interstital lung disease based on CXR findings: Silhouette sign	Alveolar
Alveolar or Interstital lung disease based on CXR findings: line-like (linear, Kerly B lines)	Interstitial
Alveolar or Interstital lung disease based on CXR findings: Lungs look coarse, fine reticular, nodular, reticulonodular	Interstitial
What is Silhouette sign? give some examples of it	the border of a normally visible structure is obscured by adjacent pathology. 1.ex: RML pneumonia obscures the right heart border. 2.ex: Lingular pneumonia obscures the left heart border.
What is air bronchogram sign?	Occurs when blood, pus or fluid fills the alveoli providing a background such that air within bronchi becomes visible. **The air bronchogram is the hallmark of alveolar lung disease
What three things can enter/fill the alveoli to cause Airspace disease?	1.Blood (pulmonary contusion). 2.Pus (pneumonia). 3.Fluid (pulmonary edema).
Alveolar or Interstital lung disease based on CXR findings: Bat Wing/ Butterfly sign	Alveolar (pulmonary edema)
Alveolar or Interstital lung disease based on CXR findings: Large Hila, Normal heart, Sharp gutters, and indistinct interstitial space	Interstitial
What is the best way to interpret CXRs?	Compare to OLD films
CXR findings with COPD	1.Hyperlucency. 2.Hyperinflation. 3.Flattening of the hemidiagphragms (FIRST SIGN). 4.Barrel Chest. 5.Rapid tapering of the vasculature. 6.Inc size of RETROSTERNAL CLEAR SPACE. 7.Bulla. 8.Bleb
What type of things tend to cause Interstitial disease? is it usually Acute or Chronic?	1.Viral. 2.Chronic
Alveolar or Interstital lung disease based on CXR findings: consolidation	Alveolar
List the conditions that cause hyperinflation in the lungs	1.Emphysema. 2.Asthma. 3.Bronchitis. 4.Foreign bodies. 5.ET tube in MSB. 6.Positive pressure ventilation.
Differentiate b/w a Bleb and a Bulla	1.BULLA: coalescence or alveoli. 2.BLEB: focal air collection in pleural space. **BULLA are much LARGER
are bullas or blebs prone to infections?	Bullas
What is another word for volume loss in the lungs? list the classic findings	Atelectasis: 1.Elevation of ipsilateral diaphragm. 2.Traction effect on trachea and mediastinum (pulls it towards that side). 3.Crowding of pulmonary markings
4 causes of Atelectasis (volume loss)	1.Airway Obstruction (mucous plug, tumor). 2.Airway Compression (pleural effusion). 3.Scarring. 4.Adhesion (Dec surfactant)

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