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psych.
Ch 17
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is polysubstance abuse? | Abuse of more than one substance. |
| What is intoxication? | is use of a substance that results in maladaptive behavior. |
| What is withdrawl syndrome? | Refers to the negative psychologic and physical reactions that occur when use of a substance ceases or dramitcally decreases. |
| What is detoxification? | The process of safely withdrawing from a substance. |
| What is substance abuse? | Is defined as using a drug in a way that is inconsistent with medical or social norms and despite negative consequences. |
| What is substance dependence? | Unsuccessful attempts to stop the substance. |
| What is black out? | Is an episode during which the person continues awareness of his or her behavior at the time or any later memory of the behavior. |
| What is Tolerance? | Person needs more alcohol to produce same effect. |
| What is tolerance breaks? | Occurs when very small amounts of alcohol intoxicate the person. |
| Later course of alcoholism | Is when the person's functioning definitely is affected,often characterized by periods of abstinence or temporarily controlled drinking. |
| When does abstinence occur? | When some legal, social, or interpersonal crisis, and the person may set up rules about drinking only at certain times or drinking only beer. |
| What is alcohol? | A CNS depressant that is absorbed rapidly into the bloodstream. |
| What are the initial effects of Alcohol? | Relaxation and loss of inhibitions. |
| Symptoms of intoxication | Slurred speech, unsteady gait, lack of coordination, and impaired attention, concentration, memory, and judgement. |
| How long after cessation or marked reduction of alcohol intake to withdrawls occur? | 4 to 12 hours. |
| Symptoms of withdrawal of alcohol? | coarse hand tremors, sweating, elevated pulse and blood pressure, insomnia, anxiety, or N/V. |
| Severe symptoms or untreated withdrawal from alcohol include? | hallucinations, seizures, or delirium. |
| When does alcohol withdrawal usually peak and when is it over? | On the second day; 5 days |
| What medications are used for safe withdrawal of alcohol? | Benzodiazepines |
| What are the physiologic effects of long term alcohol use? | cardiac myopathy, wernicke's encephalopathy, korsakoff's psychosis, pancreatitis, esophagitis, hepatitis, cirrhosis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, ascites |
| Withdrawal symptoms of sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics are? | Autonomic hyperactivity; increased bp, pulse, respirations, and temp |
| How is detoxification managed in sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics? | by tapering the amount of drug the client recieves over a period of days or weeks. |
| What is tapering? | administering or decreasing doses of a medication, is essential with barbituates to prevent coma and death that occur with the drug being stopped abruptly. |
| What are stimulants? | drugs that stimulate or excite the CNS. |
| physiologic effects of stimulants are? | tachycardia, elevated bp, dilated pupils, perspiration or chills, nausea, chest pain, confusion, and cardiac dysrhythmias. |
| Withdrawal from stimulants include: | occurs within a few hours to days. Is not life threatening. Marked dysphoria is the primary symptom and is accompanied by fatigue, vivid and unpleasant dreams, insomnia, increased appetite, and phychomotor retardation. |
| How is stimulant withdrawal treated? | not pharmacologically |
| What are opioids? | popular drugs of abuse because they desensitize the user to both physiologic and psychologic pain and induce a sense of euphoria and well-being. |
| Symptoms of withdrawal from opioids? | Anxiety, restlessness, aching back and legs, and cravings for more. |
| what are hallucinogens? | Substances that distort the users perception of reality and produce symptoms similar to psychosis. |
| Symptoms of hallucinogen intoxication? | maladaptive behavioral or psychologic changes: anxiety, depression, paranoid ideation, ideas of reference, fear of losing ones mind, and potentially dangerous behavior such as jumping out a window in belief one can fly. |
| Physiologic symptoms of hallucinogens include: | Sweating,tachy, palpitations, blurred vision, tremors, and lack of coordination. |
| what are inhalants? | Diverse group of drugs that include anesthetics, nitrates, and organic solvents that are inhaled for their effects. |
| Most common types of inhalants? | aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons found in gasoline, glue, paint thinner, and spray paint. |
| Inhalant intoxication involves what effects? | dizziness, nystagmus, lack of coordination, slurred speech, unsteady gait, tremor, weak muscles, and blurred vision. |
| Death may occur with inhalants due to what? | bronchospasms, cardiac arrest, suffocation, or aspiration of the compound. |
| People who abuse inhalants may suffer from what? | dementia, psychosis, anxiety, or mood disorders. |
| What are the two main purposes for pharmacologic treatment in substance abuse? | *to permit safe withdrawal from alcohol, sedative-hypnotics, and benzo's *to prevent relapse. |
| For clients whose primary substance is alcohol what is used to prevent or to treat Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome? | vitamin B1 (thiamine) |
| What is alcohol withdrawal usually managed with and what is it used for? | Benzodiazepines; to suppress the symptoms of abstinence |
| What is Antabuse used for? | helps deter clients from drinking. |
| What products should a client avoid when taking atabuse? | products that contain alcohol...Cough syrup, lotions, mouthwash, perfume, aftershave, vinegar, and vanilla and other extracts. |
| What anti-hypertensive is used to treat clients with opiate dependence? | clonidine(catapres)-alpha 2 adrenergic...it is used to suppress effects of withdrawal or abstinence |
| What is dual diagnosis? | A client with both substance abuse and other psychiatric illness is said to have____. |
| What major defense mechanism is used in substance abuse? | denial |
| What is the initial priority in alcohol abuse? | detoxification |
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