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20LogicalFallacies
Mr. Almon's Class (09/20/12)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| My opponent's arguments are very impressive, but remember this is the man who deserted his faithful wife and family after he had won his first political victory. | Attacking the person/group instead of addressing the issue |
| But Mom, everyone all the other responsible kids get to stay out until 2:00am, why can't I? | (Bandwagon) Appeal to the prejudice of the audience; ultimately, telling the people what they want to hear. And/or trying to prove something by showing that the public agrees with you. |
| Studies show... My dad says... | "to the authority" appeal based on the authority of a source. Look for limited authority, one-sided reporting, small sample pool in study, etc. |
| Quoting Einstein on politics | Citing an expert on one subject as expert on another. |
| I didnt get my homework done because I fought with my mom. | Appeal to the pity/misery of the audience |
| Tom does not smoke or drink, so he aught to make a good husband. | "It does not follow" conclusion is not a logical result of the facts, often a failure in the validity of premises |
| Doctors use x-rays during operations, so students should use books on tests. | Analogy that does not stand up to logic |
| I worked longer on this essay than any other before, so I should get my best grade ever. | "After this, therefore because of it" implying that because one event follows another, the first event caused the second |
| All men are pigs. | Drawing conclusions based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence; using all instances when only some apply: often this is the logical flaw behind racist, sexist, or bigoted statements. |
| All athletes are bad students because of the whole 'dumb jock' thing. | Prejudging an individual based on ideas one has about the group to which the individual belongs |
| All islamic militants just want to blow up American, so we, obviously, need to see them as a threat. | Exaggerates a characteristic of a person or group of people and then uses the exaggeration to dismiss an argument |
| Women should not be allowed to join mens' clubs because the clubs are for men. | writer encourages "begs" readers to accept a conclusion without any support, usually through circular reasoning. |
| When did you stop beating your wife? | A question that implicitly assumes something to be true by its constructions. A question like this is fallacious only if the thing presumed true has not been established |
| If we ban handguns, we'll end up banning hunting rifles. | one step will eventually lead to an undesirable second step. |
| All banks are beside rivers. Therefore, the financial institution where I deposit my money is beside a river. | Using the same term with two or more meanings or referents; fallacy of four terms. |
| It all boils down to capital punishment being a simple question of protecting society. | Obscuring or denying the complexity of an issue. |
| Asian students should need a higher SAT score to be accepted into this school. | Two comparable things are judged according to different standards. |
| Do you want to go to college or work at McDonald's your whole life? | "Black-or-white" or the "false dichotomy" syndrome; those who tent to judge life by a two-valued rather than a multi-valued system. |
| Do you realize that Delaware passed a bill on the same subject in 1932, but it was ruled unconstitutional for these twenty reasons. Let me list them here.... | Stating an idea, or pointing out a detail, that is meant to conceal or mislead. |
| "I think there is great merit in making the requirements stricter for the graduate students. I recommend that you support it, too. After all, we are in a budget crisis and we do not want our salaries affected." | Bringing in an irrelevant point to divert the reader's attention from the main issue being discussed |
| Ad antiquitum | Referencing tradition in history |
| Ad Nauseum | Repetition |
Created by:
NinjaGotSwag
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