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Psychology CH5
Consciousness
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The view that dreams reflect activation of cognitive activity by the reticular activating system and synthesis of this activity into a pattern. | Activation-synthesis Model |
| A well known highly addictive sleeping pill that lasts 7-8 hours. | Ambien |
| A "sleep attack" in which a person falls asleep suddenly and irresistibly. | Narcolepsy |
| Temporary absense or cessation of breathing while asleep (From Greek and Latin roots meaning "without" and "breathing"). | Sleep Apnea |
| Tapes that help one sleep (only works well with visual people). | Guided Imagery |
| Frightening dreamlike experiences that occur during the deepest stage of NREM sleep. Nightmares, in contrast, occur during REM sleep. | Sleep Terrors |
| Most cases of sleep terrors occur with ____ ______ because the have ______. | War Veterans; PTSD |
| An altered state of consciousness in which people appear to be highly suggestible and behave as though they are in a trance. | Hypnosis |
| Invented hypnosis; believed that illnesses could be cured through realignment of the magnetic forces in the body. | Franz Anton Mesmer |
| First philosopher to treat extensively topics that would later become part of psychology. Proponent of impiricism and outlined the laws of associationism. | Aristotle |
| The view that science could rationally treat only information gathered by the senses. | Empiricism |
| Used introspection to try to discover the basic elements of experience - Structuralism. | Wilhelm Wundt |
| Focused on the relation between conscious experience and behavior ~ Functionlism | William James |
| The founder of American Behaviorism ~ Little Albert Experiment | John Watson |
| Believed that organisms learn to behave in certain ways because they have been reinforced for doing so. | B.F. Skinner |
| Modifying behavior using operant conditioning (used mostly with those who cannot be reasoned with). | Behavior Modification |
| Gestalt psychologist who focused on perception, thinking, and problem solving (monkey box experiment). | Wolfgang Kohler |
| Four Neo-Freudians | Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, Erik Erikson |
| "Idealized" , other people's perceptions of self-actualization. | Altruistic |
| Believed in person-centered therapy; person is always in the spotlight. Let the client talk, pull concepts together in the end. | Carl Rogers |
| Accepts the person as is, couselors should see their clients this way, love OR hate. | "Unconditonal Acceptance" |
| Developed the idea of Existentialism in a concentration camp (one can make it if they have a reason to exist). | Viktor Frankl |
| Elderly people who use plants and animals as a means of therapy. | Logotherapy |
| Animals that are certified to go to homes and connect with clients. | Pet Therapy |
| Learning by seeing, having a role model. Learning something because of someone else (Albert Bandura). | Vicarious Learning |
| Completely all requirements for a Ph.D in psychology but they would not award it to her because she was a female. Went on to pioneer research and founded a psychology laboratory. | Mary Whiton Calkins |
| Well-known African American psychologists who studied the negative effects of segregation and the education of African American children. | Kenneth Clark and Mamie Phipps Clark |
| Latino psychologists who was the first to show that intelligence tests are culturally biased and are not standardized by anyone but white Americans. | Jorge Sanchez |
| People who are readily hypnotized are said to have ____________ ____________. | Hypnotic Suggestibility |
| A theory that explains hypnotic events in terms of the person's ability to act as though he or she were hypnotized. Role theory differs from faking in that subject cooperate and focus on hypnotic suggestions instead of pretending to be hypnotized. | Role Theory |
| The view that hypnotized people engage in strategic role enactment to behave in the way that they image a good hypnotized person will behave. | Multifactorial Theory |
| The view that response expectancies play a key role in the production of the experiences suggested by the hypnotist. | Response Set Theory |
| A theory of hypnotic events as the splitting of consciousness. | Neodissociation Theory |
| The simplified form of meditation brought to the US by the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and used as a method for coping with stress. | Transcendental Meditation (TM) |
| The systematic feeding back to an organism information about a bodily function so that the organism can gain control of that function AKA trains the mind to get it off whatever it is that is bothering them. | Biofeedback Training |
| Effects of Meditation (2) | Lower blood pressure & induce other bodily functions associated with relaxation. |
| An instrument that measures muscle tension. | Electromyograph (EMG) |
| Drugs that have psychological effects such as stimulation or distortion of perceptions. | Psychoactive Substances |
| A drug that lowers the rate of activity in the nervous system. | Depressant |
| A drug that increases the rate of activity of the nervous system. | Stimulant |
| Repeated use of a substance despite the fact that it s causing or compoudning social, occupational, psychological, or physical problems. | Tolerance |
| A characteristic cluster of symptoms that results from a sudden decrease in an addictve drug's level of usage. | Abstinence Syndrome |
| A condition characterized by sweating, restlessness, disorientation, and hallucinations. They occur in some chronic alcohol users when there is a sudden decrease in usage. AKA withdrawal. | Delirium Tremens (DTs) |
| A group of narcotics derived from the opium poppy that provide a euphoric rush and depress the nervous system. | Opiates |
| Drugs used to relieve pain and induce sleep. The term is usually reserved for opiates, | Narcotics |
| Chemicals that act on opiate receptors but are not derived from the opium poppy (manmade). | Opioids |
| A disease caused by protein deficiency in which connective fibers replace active liver cells, impeding circulation of the blood. Alcohol does not contain protein; therefore, persons who drink excessively may be prone to the disease. | Cirrhosis of the Liver |
| A cluster of symptoms associated with chronic alcohol abuse and characterized by confusion, memory impairment, and filling in gaps in memory with false information (confabulation). | Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome |
| An addictive depressant used to relieve anxiety or pain and to treat epilepsy, high blood pressure, and insomnia. | Barbiturate |
| Stimulants derived from alpha-methyn-beta-phenyl-ethyl-amine. | Amphetamines |
| A disorder that begins in childhood and is characterized by a persisent pattern of lack of attention with or without hyperactivity and impulsive behavior. | Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder |
| Chemical compounds consisting of hydrogen and carbon. | Hydrocarbons |
| Inhaling smoke from the tobacco products and exhalations of other people; also called secondhand smoking. | Passive Smoking |
| Giving rise to hallucinations. | Hallucinogenic |
| The dried vegetable matter of the Cannabis sativa plant. | Marijuana |
| Causing hallucinations, delusions, or heightened perceptions. | Psychedelic |
| A drug derived from the resin of Cannabis sativa; often called "hash." | Hashish |
| Lysergic acid diethylamide. A hallucinogenic drug. | LSD |
| Distorted perceptions or hallucinations that occur days or weeks after LSD usage but mimic that LSD experience. | Flashbacks |
| A hallucinogenic drug derived from the mescal (peyote) cactus. | Mescaline |
| Another hallucinogenic drug whose name is an acronym for its chemical structure. | Phencyclidine (PCP) |
| (a) Bahaviorists: A relatively permanent change in behavior that results from experience. (b) Cognitive Theorists: the process by which organisms make relatively permanent changes in the way they represent the environment because of experience. | Learning |
| Organim comes to associate or anticipate events. A neutral stimulus comes to evoke the response usually caused by another stimulus being paired repeatedly with the other stimulus. | Classical Conditioning |
| A simple unlearned response to a stimulus. | Reflex |
| An environmental condition that elicits a response. | Stimulus |
| A stimulus that elicits a response from an organism prior to conditioning. | Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) |
| An unlearned response to an unconditioned stimulus. | Unconditioned Response (UCR) |
| An unlearned response in which an organism attends to a stimulus. | Orienting Response |
| A previously neutral stimulus that elicits a conditioned response because it has been paired repeatedly with a stimulus that already elicited that response. | Conditioned Stimulus (CS) |
| A learned response to a conditioned stimulus. | Conditioned Response (CR) |
| The process by which stimuli lose their ability to evoke learned responses because the events that had followed the stimuli no longer occur. | Extinction |
| The reoccurance of an extinguished response as a function of the passage of time. | Spontaneous Recovery |
| In conditioning, the tendency for a conditioned response to be evoked by stimuli that are similiar to the stimulus to which the response was conditioned. | Generalization |
| In conditioning, the tendency for an organism to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and similar stimuli that do not forecase an unconditioned stimulus. | Discrimination |
| A classical conditioning procedure in which a previously neutral stimulus comes to elicit the response brought forth by a conditioned stimulus by being paired repeatedly with that conditioned stimulus. | Higher Order Conditioning |
| Readiness to acqure a certain kind of conditioned response due to the biological makeup of the organism. | Biological Preparedness |
| A fear-reduction technique in which pleasant stimuli are associated with fear-evoking stimuli so that the fear-evoking stimuli lose their aversive qualities. | Counterconditioning |
| A behavioral fear-reduction technique based on principles of classical conditioning. Fear-evoking stimuli (CSs) are presented continuously in the absence of actual harm so that fear responses (CRs) are extinguised. | Flooding |
| A behavioral fear-reduction technique in which a hierarchy of fear-evoking stimuli is presented while the person remains relaxed. | Systematic Desensitization |
Created by:
SSalvage139
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