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Stack #101286
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| GESTALT PRINCIPLES | PRINCIPLES THAT DESCRIBE THE BRAIN'S ORGINIZATION OF SENSORY INFORMATION INTO MEANINGFUL UNITS AND PATTERNS. |
| CLOSURE | THE BRAIN TENDS TO FILL IN GAPS IN ORDER TO PERCEIVE COMPLETE FORMS. |
| SIMILARITY | THINGS THAT ARE ALIKE IN SOME WAY TEND TO BE PERCEIVED AS BELONGING TOGETHER. |
| BINOCULAR CUES | VISUAL CUES TO DEPTH OR DISTANCE REQUIRING TWO EYES. |
| CONVERGENCE | THE TURNING INWARD OF THE EYES, WHICH OCCURS WHEN THEY FOCUS ON A NEARBY OBJECT. |
| PERCEPTUAL CONSTANCY | THE ACCURATE PERCEPTION OF OBJECTS AS STABLE OR UNCHANGED DESPITE CHANGES IN THE SENSORY PATTERNS THEY PRODUCE. |
| SIZE CONSTANCY | WE SEE AN OBJECT AS HAVING A CONSTANT SIZE EVEN WHEN ITS RETINAL IMAGE BECOMES SMALLER OR LARGER. |
| LOUDNESS | THE DIMENSION OF AUDITORY EXPERIENCE RELATED TO THE INTENSITY OF A PRESSURE WAVE. |
| PITCH | THE DIMENSION OF AUDITORY EXPERIENCE RELATED TO THE FREQUENCY OF A PRESSURE WAVE; IT IS RELATED TO THE HEIGHT OR DEPTH OF A TONE. |
| ORGAN OF CORTI | A STRUCTURE IN THE COCHLEA CONTAINING HAIR CELLS THAT SERVE AS THE RECEPTORS FOR HEARING. |
| COCHLEA | A SNAIL-SHAPED, FLUID FILLED ORGAN IN THE INNER EAR, CONTAINING THE ORGAN OF CORTI, WHERE THE RECEPTORS FOR HEARING ARE LOCATED. |
| TASTE BUDS | NEST OF TASTE-RECEPTOR CELLS. THE CENTER OF THE TONGUE CONTAINS NO TASTE BUDS. |
| PAPILLAE | KNOBLIKE ELEVATIONS ON THE TONGUE, CONTAINING THE TASTE BUDS. |
| TIMBRE | THE DISTINGUISHING QUALITY OF A SOUND; THE DIMENSION OF AUDITORY EXPERIENCE RELATED TO THE COMPLEXITY OF THE PRESSURE WAVE. |
| GATE-CONTROL THEORY | THE THEORY THAT THE EXPERIENCE OF PAIN DEPENDS IN PART ON WHETHER PAIN IMPULSES GET PAST A NEUROLOGICAL "GATE" IN THE SPINAL CORD AND THUS REACH THE BRAIN. |
| KINESTHESIS | THE SENSE OF BODY POSITION AND MOVEMENT OF BODY PARTS; ALSO CALLED KINESTHESIA. |
| VISUAL CLIFF | A WAY TO TEST AN INFANT'S PERCEPTION OF DEPTH. THE "CLIFF" IS A PANE OF GLASS COVERING A SHALLOW SURFACE AND A DEEP ONE. BOTH SURFACES ARE COVERED BY A CHECKERBOARD PATTERN. THE MOTHER TRIES TO LURE THE INFANT ACROSS THE DEEP OR SHALLOW SIDE. |
| PROPOSITION | A UNIT OF MEANING THAT IS MADE UP OF CONCEPTS AND EXPRESSES A SINGLE IDEA. |
| COGNITIVE SCHEMA | AN INTEGRATED MENTAL NETWORK OF KNOWLEDGE, BELIEFS, AND EXPECTATIONS CONCERNING A PARTICULAR TOPIC OR ASPECT OF THE WORLD. |
| MENTAL IMAGE | A MENTAL REPRESENTATION THAT MIRRORS OR RESEMBLES THE THING IT REPRESENTS; MENTAL IMAGES CAN OCCUR IN MANY AND PERHAPS ALL SENSORY MODALITIES. |
| SUBCONSCIOUS PROCESSES | MENTAL PROCESSES OCCURING OUTSIDE OF CONSCIOUS AWARENESS BUT ACCESSIBLE TO CONSCIOUSNESS WHEN NECESSARY. |
| NONCONSCIOUS PROCESSES | MENTAL PROCESSES OCCURRING OUTSIDE OF AND NOT AVAILABLE TO CONSCIOUS AWARENESS. |
| IMPLICIT LEARNING | LEARNING THAT OCCURS WHEN YOU ACQUIRE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT SOMETHING WITHOUT BEING AWARE OF HOW YOU DID SO AND WITHOUT BEING ABLE TO STATE EXACTLY WHAT IT IS YOU HAVE LEARNED. |
| REASONING | THE DRAWING OF CONCLUSIONS OR INFERENCES FROM OBSERVATIONS, FACTS, OR ASSUMPTIONS. |
| ALGORITHM | A PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGY GUARANTEED TO PRODUCE A SOLUTION EVEN IF THE USER DOES NOT KNOW HOW IT WORKS. |
| AVAILABILITY HEURISTIC | THE TENDENCY TO JUDGE THE PROBABILITY OF A TYPE OF EVENT BY HOW EASY IT IS TO THINK OF EXAMPLES OR INSTANCES. |
| CONFIRMATION BIAS | THE TENDENCY TO LOOK FOR OR PAY ATTENTION ONLY TO INFORMATION THAT CONFIRMS ONE'S OWN BELIEF. |
| MENTAL SET | A TENDENCY TO SOLVE PROBLEMS USING PROCEDURES THAT WORKED BEFORE ON SIMILAR PROBLEMS. |
| CONCEPT | A MENTAL CATEGORY THAT GROUPS OBJECTS, RELATIONS, ACTIVITIES, ABSTRACTIONS, OR QUALITIES HAVING COMMON PROPERTIES. |
| PROTOTYPE | AN ESPECIALLY REPRESENTATIVE EXAMPLE OF A CONCEPT. |
| INTELLIGENCE | AN INFERRED CHARCTERISTIC OF AN INDIVIDUAL, USUALLY DEFINED AS THE ABILITY TO PROFIT FROM EXPERIENCE, AQUIRE KNOWLEDGE, THINK ABSTRACTLY, ACT PURPOSEFULLY, OR ADAPT TO CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENT. |
| FACTOR ANALYSIS | A STATISTICAL METHOD FOR ANALYZING THE INTERCORRELATIONS AMONG VARIOUS MEASURES OR TEST SCORES; CLUSTERS OF MEASURES OR SCORES THAT ARE HIGHLY CORRELATED ARE ASSUMED TO MEASURE THE SAME UNDERLYING TRAIT, ABILITY, OR APTITUDE (FACTOR). |
| G FACTOR | A GENERAL ABILITY ASSUMED BY MANY THEORISTS TO UNDERLIE SPECIFIC MENTAL ABILITIES AND TALENTS. |
| PSYCHOMETRICS | THE MEASUREMENT OF MENTAL ABILITIES, TRAITS, AND PROCESSES. |
| MENTAL AGE | A MEASURE OF MENTAL DEVELOPMENT EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF THE AVERAGE MENTAL ABILITY AT A GIVEN AGE. |
| INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT | A MEASURE OF INTELLIGENCE NOW DERIVED FROM NORMS PROVIDED FOR STANDARDIZED INTELLIGENCE TESTS. |
| STANFORD-BINET INTELLIGENCE SCALE | THE INTELLIGENCE TEST ASKS A PERSON TO PERFORM A VARIETY OF TASKS AND GIVES ONLY 1 SCORE WHEN COMPLETED. |
| WECHSLER ADULT INTELLIGENCE SCALE | IN ADDITION TO AN OVERALL IQ SCORE, YIELD FOUR SEPERATE SCORES; FOR VERBAL COMPREHENSION, PERCEPTUAL REASONING, WORKING MEMORY (THE ABILITY TO HOLD INFORMATION IN MIND SO IT CAN BE USED), AND PROCESSING SPEED. |
| STEREOTYPE THREAT | A BURDEN OF DOUBT A PERSON FEELS ABOUT HIS OR HER PERFORMANCE, DUE TO NEGATIVE STEREOTYPES ABOUT HIS OR HER GROUP'S ABILITIES. |
| TRIARCHIC THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE | A THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE THAT EMPHASIZES INFORMATION PROCESSING STRATEGIES, THE ABILITY TO TRANSFER SKILLS TO NEW SITUATIONS, AND THE PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF INTELLIGENCE. |
| AUTHUR JENSON TEST | WAS BIASED AGAINST BLACKS & FEMALES. |
| COGNITIVE ETHOLOGY | THE STUDY OF COGNITIVE PROCESSES IN NONHUMAN ANIMALS. |
| MEMORY | THE CAPACITY TO RETAIN AND RETRIEVE INFORMATION, AND ALSO TO THE STRUCTURES THAT ACCOUNT FOR THIS CAPACITY. |
| CONFABULATION | CONFUSION OF AN EVENT THAT HAPPENED TO SOMEONE ELSE WITH ONE THAT HAPPENED TO YOU, OR A BELIEF THAT YOU REMEMBER SOMETHING WHEN IT NEVER ACTUALLY HAPPENED. |
| RECALL | THE ABILITY TO RETRIEVE AND REPRODUCE FROM MEMORY PREVIOUSLY ENCOUNTERED MATERIAL. |
| RELEARNING METHOD | A METHOD FOR MEASURING RETENTION THAT COMPARES THE TIME REQUIRED TO RELEARN MATERIAL WITH THE TIME USED IN THE INITIAL LEARNING OF THE MATERIAL. |
| IMPLICIT MEMORY | UNCONSCIOUS RETENTION IN MEMORY, AS EVIDENCED BY THE EFFECT OF A PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE OR PREVIOUSLY ENCOUNTERED INFORMATION ON CURRENT THOUGHTS OR ACTIONS. |
| PRIMING | A METHOD FOR MEASURING IMPLICIT MEMORY IN WHICH A PERSON READS OR LISTENS TO INFORMATION AND IS LATER TESTED TO SEE WHETHER THE INFORMATION AFFECTS PERFORMANCE ON ANOTHER TYPE OF TASK. |
| SENSORY REGISTER | A "SENSORY REGISTER" RETAINS INCOMING SENSORY INFORMATION FOR A SECOND OR TWO, UNTIL IT CAN PROCESSED FURTHER. |
| SHORT-TERM MEMORY | (STM) HOLDS A LIMITED AMOUNT OF INFORMATION FOR A BRIEF PERIOD OF TIME, PERHAPS 30 SECONDS OR SO, UNLESS A CONSCIOUS EFFORT IS MADE TO KEEP IT THERE LONGER. |
| LONG-TERM MEMORY | (LTM) ACCOUNTS FOR LONGER STORAGE -- FROM A FEW MINUTES TO DECADES. |
| WORKING MEMORY | SHORT-TERM MEMORY PLUS THE MENTAL PROCESSES THAT CONTROL RETRIEVAL OF INFORMATION FROM LONG-TERM MEMORY AND INTERPRET THAT INFORMATION APPROPRIATELY FOR A GIVEN TASK. |
| MNEMONICS | STRATEGIES AND TRICKS FOR IMPROVING MEMORY, SUCH AS THE USE OF A VERSE OR A FORMULA. |
| PROCEDURAL MEMORIES | KNOWING HOW |
| DECLARATIVE MEMORIES | KNOWING THAT |
| SEMANTIC MEMORIES | GENERAL KNOWLEDGE |
| EPISODIC MEMORIES | PERSONAL RECOLLECTIONS. |
| DEEP PROCESSING | IN THE ENCODING OF INFORMATION, THE PROCESSING OF MEANING RATHER THAN SIMPLY THE PHYSICAL OR SENSORY FEATURES OF A STIMULUS. |
| DECAY THEORY | THE THEORY THAT INFORMATION IN MEMORY EVENTUALLY DISAPPEARS IF IT IS NOT ACCESSED; IT APPLIES MORE TO SHORT-TERM THAN TO LONG-TERM MEMORY. |
| REPRESSION | IN PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY,THE INVOLUNTARY PUSHING OF THREATENING OR UPSETTING INFORMATION INTO THE UNCONSCIOUS. |
| SENSATION | THE DETECTION OF PHYSICAL ENERGY EMITTED OR REFLECTED BY PHYSICAL OBJECTS. |
| PERCEPTION | THE PROCESS BY WHICH THE BRAIN ORGANIZES AND INTERPRETS SENSORY INFORMATION. |
| SENSE RECEPTERS | SPECIALIZED CELLS THAT CONVERT PHYSICAL ENERGY IN THE ENVIRONMENT OR THE BODY TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY THAT CAN BE TRANSMITTED AS NERVE IMPULSES TO THE BRAIN. |
| DOCTRINE OF SPECIFIC NERVE ENERGIES | THE PRINCIPLE THAT DIFFERENT SENSORY MODALITIES EXIST BECAUSE SIGNALS RECEIVED BY THE SENSE ORGANS STIMULATE DIFFERENT NERVE PATHWAYS LEADING TO DIFFERENT AREAS OF THE BRAIN. |
| ABSOLUTE THRESHOLD | THE SMALLEST QUANTITY OF PHYSICAL ENERGY THAT CAN BE RELIABLY DETECTED BY AN OBSERVER. |
| DIFFERENCE THRESHOLD | THE SMALLEST DIFFERENCE IN STIMULATION THAT CAN BE RELIABLY DETECTED BY AN OBSERVER WHEN TWO STIMULI ARE COMPARED; ALSO CALLED JUST NOTICEABLE DIFFERENCE (IND). |
| SIGNAL-DETECTION THEORY | A PSYCHOPHYSICAL THEORY THAT DIVIDES THE DETECTION OF A SENSORY PROCESS AND A DECISION PROCESS. |
| SENSORY ADAPTATION | THE REDUCTION OR DISAPPEARANCE OF SENSORY RESPONSIVENESS THAT OCCURS WHEN STIMULATION IS UNCHANGING OR REPETITIOUS. |
| SENSORY DEPRIVATION | THE ABSENCE OF NORMAL LEVELS OF SENSORY STIMULATION. |
| SELECTIVE ATTENTION | THE FOCUSING OF ATTENTION ON SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE BLOCKING OUT OF OTHERS. |
| INATTENTIONAL BLINDNESS | FAILURE TO CONSCIOUSLY PERCEIVE SOMETHING YOU ARE LOOKING AT BECAUSE YOU ARE NOT ATTENDING TO IT. |
| HUE | THE DIMENSION OF VISUAL EXPERIENCE SPECIFIED BY COLOR NAMES AND RELATED TO THE WAVELENGTH OF LIGHT. |
| MID-TERM MEMORY LOSS | THE MOST LIKELY REASON FOR MIDTERM MEMORY LOSS IS NOT STUDYING ENOUGH---OR IN THE RIGHT WAY. |
Created by:
JANINE123
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