Question 1

What are the 3 needs for Standardization of TECHNIQUE: (Quality, Patient, Costs)

Accepted Answer

1)Consistent Quality
2)Reduced Pt Exposure
3)Reduced Operating Costs

Question 2

What are the 3 needs for Standardized EXPOSURE CHARTS: (New, Student, Trouble)

Accepted Answer

1)New Techs
2)Students
3)Help Trouble Shooting

Question 3

Standardization involves 3 Phases: (Ex,Pr,Pr)

Accepted Answer

1)Standardize Exposure Factors
2)Standardize Projections
3)Standardize Processing Procedures

Question 4

List the 7 criteria of a Satisfactory Radiograph: (DDDP CSSS)-

Accepted Answer

1Translucent Densities
2)Silver deposits on the image
3)Part fully penetrated
4)mAs factor for best overall density
5)Differentiating contrast between all densities
6)Details not obscured by scatter
7)Max sharpness/true shape

Question 5

Explain how to adapt a chart from one institution to another:

Accepted Answer

Need 3 phantoms (Skull, Chest, Extremity);
Use optimum kV & old technique in new hospital;
Go Up or Down w/ mAs
Apply same mAs % difference to all similar exams;
Repeat process for each part (skull, Extremity, Chest)

Question 6

Define Optimum kVp:

Accepted Answer

The minimum kVp needed to penetrate the part

Question 7

What are the 2 most common types of charts?

Accepted Answer

Fixed kVp Chart
Variable kVp Chart

Question 8

Fixed kVp is also called _________ kVp.

Accepted Answer

Optimum

Question 9

What are the steps to creating a Fixed kVp chart?

Accepted Answer

1st Step: Separate anatomical parts into Small, Medium, Large
2nd Step: Get phantom & make 3 exposures to determine optimum density
3rd Step: Small patient reduce mAs 30%/ large increase mAs 30%
4th step: Repeat for chest & extremities

Question 10

How do you use a Variable kVp Chart?

Accepted Answer

2 kVp change for every cm change from average;
Measure part+double it+add 40= new kVp for that part & select mAs from a guide

Question 11

What are 4 advantages of Fixed kVp charts?

Accepted Answer

1)kVp tends to be higher
2)pt receives lower exposure
3)greater latitude for error
4)contrast more consistent

Question 12

Disadvantage of Fixed kVp charts?

Accepted Answer

May require increasing mAs (exposure to patient) and more chance of motion

Question 13

After selecting/developing a perfect technique chart select a patient. Patient must be over _________ ________, already having the _________, and not being ____________ upon.

Accepted Answer

Reproductive Age; Exam; Experimented

Question 14

Give the following mAs conversions:
1)Infancy (birth - 2):
2)Preschool (2-6):
3)School Age (6-12):
4)Teenage (> 12yr):

Accepted Answer

1) 0-2yr: X mAs by 0.25
2) 2-6yr: x mAs by 0.50
3) 6-12yr: x mAs by 0.75
4) > 12yr: No Change

Question 15

There must be a ______% changes in mAs to have a visible change in Density.

Accepted Answer

30%

Question 16

Cast Conversions:
1)Sm Extremity: Dry & Wet
2)Lg Extremity: Dry & Wet
3)1/2 Cast:
4)Fiberglass / Air splint:

Accepted Answer

1)Dry: 2x's mAs or add 15% kVp; Wet: 3x's mAs or 22% kVp
2)Dry: 3x's mAs or add 22% kVp; Wet: 4x's mAs or 30% kVp
3)Half: Add 50% mAs or 8% kVp
4)No Change

Question 17

Technique Change for Soft Tissue:

Accepted Answer

Reduce kVp 15%

Question 18

Ionization Chambers in an AED are located ________ the cassette.

Accepted Answer

in front of

Question 19

Back Up timers protect the _________ and protect the _______.

Accepted Answer

Patient; Tube

Question 20

Is eliminating the need for proper positioning an advantage of AEC?

Accepted Answer

No

Question 21

In AEC, each incremental density setting corresponds to a _____ % change in density.

Accepted Answer

25%

Question 22

Backscatter has the greatest impact on what type of AEC unit?

Accepted Answer

Phototimer type (not ionization chamber type)

Question 23

What are the 2 most important factors affecting film density when using AEC?

Accepted Answer

Positioning & Detector Selection

Question 24

Minimum Response Time, Poor Positioning, 
Wrong Detector Selection, & SID: Which one does NOT cause overexposure while using AEC?

Accepted Answer

SID

Question 25

True or false, it is acceptable to use the center detector when performing abdominal radiography. Why?

Accepted Answer

False; Patient positioning could cause the spine to be over the detector causing overexposure of soft tissue

Question 26

OID affects density when using AEC? True of false

Accepted Answer

False

Question 27

Can increasing mA or kVp shorten the minimum response time?

Accepted Answer

No, nothing a tech can do can shorten the Min Response Time

Question 28

Beam intensity can affect exposure time with AEC? True or False

Accepted Answer

True

Question 29

What is the most often caused reason for activation of the backup timer?

Accepted Answer

Radiographer Error

Question 30

Backup Timers should never allow the patient to be exposed to no more than ______ mAs or by government standards _______ mAs.

Accepted Answer

600 mAs, 800 mAs

Question 31

What will happen to the exposure time if the x-ray tube is not aligned to the Bucky Grid?

Accepted Answer

Excessively long

Question 32

What change in mA can intentionally increase the exposure time when using AEC?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing mA

Question 33

Changing from fast-speed screen cassette to medium-speed screen cassette will have what effect on exposure time?

Accepted Answer

Unaffected

Question 34

Insufficient collimation will have what affect on exposure time with AEC?

Accepted Answer

Reduce exposure time

Term 3 IP2-Unit 4B

Technique Charts

Question	Answer
What are the 3 needs for Standardization of TECHNIQUE: (Quality, Patient, Costs)	1)Consistent Quality 2)Reduced Pt Exposure 3)Reduced Operating Costs
What are the 3 needs for Standardized EXPOSURE CHARTS: (New, Student, Trouble)	1)New Techs 2)Students 3)Help Trouble Shooting
Standardization involves 3 Phases: (Ex,Pr,Pr)	1)Standardize Exposure Factors 2)Standardize Projections 3)Standardize Processing Procedures
List the 7 criteria of a Satisfactory Radiograph: (DDDP CSSS)-	1Translucent Densities 2)Silver deposits on the image 3)Part fully penetrated 4)mAs factor for best overall density 5)Differentiating contrast between all densities 6)Details not obscured by scatter 7)Max sharpness/true shape
Explain how to adapt a chart from one institution to another:	Need 3 phantoms (Skull, Chest, Extremity); Use optimum kV & old technique in new hospital; Go Up or Down w/ mAs Apply same mAs % difference to all similar exams; Repeat process for each part (skull, Extremity, Chest)
Define Optimum kVp:	The minimum kVp needed to penetrate the part
What are the 2 most common types of charts?	Fixed kVp Chart Variable kVp Chart
Fixed kVp is also called _________ kVp.	Optimum
What are the steps to creating a Fixed kVp chart?	1st Step: Separate anatomical parts into Small, Medium, Large 2nd Step: Get phantom & make 3 exposures to determine optimum density 3rd Step: Small patient reduce mAs 30%/ large increase mAs 30% 4th step: Repeat for chest & extremities
How do you use a Variable kVp Chart?	2 kVp change for every cm change from average; Measure part+double it+add 40= new kVp for that part & select mAs from a guide
What are 4 advantages of Fixed kVp charts?	1)kVp tends to be higher 2)pt receives lower exposure 3)greater latitude for error 4)contrast more consistent
Disadvantage of Fixed kVp charts?	May require increasing mAs (exposure to patient) and more chance of motion
After selecting/developing a perfect technique chart select a patient. Patient must be over _________ ________, already having the _________, and not being ____________ upon.	Reproductive Age; Exam; Experimented
Give the following mAs conversions: 1)Infancy (birth - 2): 2)Preschool (2-6): 3)School Age (6-12): 4)Teenage (> 12yr):	1) 0-2yr: X mAs by 0.25 2) 2-6yr: x mAs by 0.50 3) 6-12yr: x mAs by 0.75 4) > 12yr: No Change
There must be a ______% changes in mAs to have a visible change in Density.	30%
Cast Conversions: 1)Sm Extremity: Dry & Wet 2)Lg Extremity: Dry & Wet 3)1/2 Cast: 4)Fiberglass / Air splint:	1)Dry: 2x's mAs or add 15% kVp; Wet: 3x's mAs or 22% kVp 2)Dry: 3x's mAs or add 22% kVp; Wet: 4x's mAs or 30% kVp 3)Half: Add 50% mAs or 8% kVp 4)No Change
Technique Change for Soft Tissue:	Reduce kVp 15%
Ionization Chambers in an AED are located ________ the cassette.	in front of
Back Up timers protect the _________ and protect the _______.	Patient; Tube
Is eliminating the need for proper positioning an advantage of AEC?	No
In AEC, each incremental density setting corresponds to a _____ % change in density.	25%
Backscatter has the greatest impact on what type of AEC unit?	Phototimer type (not ionization chamber type)
What are the 2 most important factors affecting film density when using AEC?	Positioning & Detector Selection
Minimum Response Time, Poor Positioning, Wrong Detector Selection, & SID: Which one does NOT cause overexposure while using AEC?	SID
True or false, it is acceptable to use the center detector when performing abdominal radiography. Why?	False; Patient positioning could cause the spine to be over the detector causing overexposure of soft tissue
OID affects density when using AEC? True of false	False
Can increasing mA or kVp shorten the minimum response time?	No, nothing a tech can do can shorten the Min Response Time
Beam intensity can affect exposure time with AEC? True or False	True
What is the most often caused reason for activation of the backup timer?	Radiographer Error
Backup Timers should never allow the patient to be exposed to no more than ______ mAs or by government standards _______ mAs.	600 mAs, 800 mAs
What will happen to the exposure time if the x-ray tube is not aligned to the Bucky Grid?	Excessively long
What change in mA can intentionally increase the exposure time when using AEC?	Decreasing mA
Changing from fast-speed screen cassette to medium-speed screen cassette will have what effect on exposure time?	Unaffected
Insufficient collimation will have what affect on exposure time with AEC?	Reduce exposure time

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