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Learning and Cog 7
Stasser's Learning and Cog Ch. 7 Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| nonsense syllables | three-letter combinations (usually consonant-vowel-consonant) used in memory experiments by Ebbinghaus |
| savings | rapid mastery of material that has been previously learned |
| sensory store | the first stage of information processiong in which some sensory receptor is stimulated by external energy |
| iconic image | the brief persisting image of a visual stimulus after romoval of the stimulus |
| echoic image | the brief persistence of an auditory stimulus after presentation of the stimulus |
| short-term store | the second stage of memory, often called working memory, characterized by limited capacity and retention time |
| chunking | any strategy that reduces larger amounts of material into smaller, more readily encoded information |
| long-term store | the final stage of memory, characterized by unlimited capacity and permanence of the memory trace |
| episodic memory | long-term retention of specific events in one's life |
| procedural memory | long-term retention of a specific skill, procedure, or practice |
| declarative memory | long-term retention of a specific fact or concept |
| levels of processing theory | Craik and Lockhart's theory of memory that claims depth of processing and likelihood of recall are determined by quality, not quantity, of rehearsal |
| maintenance rehearsal | use of sheer repetition for the purpose of transferring information to long-term memory |
| elaborative rehearsal | semantic or meaning-oriented rehearsal believed to lead to deep processing of information |
| retrieval | the process of accessing or withdrawing information from a memory system |
| forgetting | loss of information due to ineffective encoding or retrieval failure |
| decay theory | an early theory of forgetting claiming that information simply fades or decays over time |
| interference theory | a theory of forgetting claiming that information is lost from a system as additional information is added or attended to |
| proactive interference | memory loss for recently learned information due to interference by previously learned information |
| retroactive interference | memory loss for previously learned information due to intereference by recently learned information |
| amnesia | memory loss due to either motional arousal or damage to the nervous system |
| retrograde amnesia | memory loss for information presented before damage to the nervous system |
| anterograde amnesia | memory loss for information presented after damage to the nervous system |
| mnemonics | strategies used to enhance memory (often visually based) |
| encoding specificity | the principle that stimuli present during encoding become potential recal cues at a later time |
| state-dependent learning | a phenomenon in which physiological states that are in effect during encoding serve as retrieval cues during recall |
| incidental memory | recall of information without remembering its original source |
| implicit memory | the tendency to forget the source or origin of familiar information |
| flashbulb memory | particularly vivid recall of one's surroundings produced by exposure to a dramatic event |
| metacognition | the process of thinking about or attending to one's own thoughts and/or behavior |
| spatial memory | ability of an organism to recall specific locations in its environment over time |
Created by:
l_fren
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