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UP10 Chapter 1

Introduction to Psychology

QuestionAnswer
Psychology The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
Behavioral Genetics studies the inheritance of traits related to behavior.
Behavioral Neuroscience examines the biological basis of behavior.
Clinical Psychology deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders.
Clinical Neuroscience unites the areas of bio-psychology and clinical psychology, focusing on the relationship between biological factors and psychological disorders.
Cognitive Psychology focuses on the study of higher mental processes.
Counseling Psychology focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems.
Cross-Cultural Psychology investigates the similarities and differences in psychological functioning in and across various cultures and ethnic groups.
Developmental Psychology examines how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death.
Educational Psychology is concerned with teaching and learning processes, such as the relationship between motivation and school performance.
Environmental Psychology considers the relationship between people and their environment.
Evolutionary Psychology considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors.
Experimental Psychology studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world.
Forensic Psychology focuses on legal issues, such as determining the accuracy of witness memories.
Health Psychology explores the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or disease.
Industrial/Organizational Psychology is concerned with the psychology of the workplace.
Personality Psychology focuses on the consistency in people's behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another.
Program Evaluation focuses on assessing large-scale programs, such as the Head Start preschool program, to determine whether they are effective in meeting their goals.
Psychology of Women focuses on issues such as discrimination against women and the causes of violence against women.
School Psychology is devoted to counseling children in elementary and secondary schools who have academic or emotional problems.
Social Psychology is the study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others.
Sport Psychology applies psychology to athletic activity and exercise.
PhD (doctor of philosophy) is a research degree that requires a dissertation based on an original investigation.
PsyD (doctor of psychology) is obtained by psychologists who wish to focus on the treatment of psychological disorders.
MA/MS Master's Degree
BA/BS Bachelor's Degree
Wilhelm Wundt's Structuralism focuses on uncovering the fundamental mental components of consciousness, thinking, and other kinds of mental states and activities.
Introspection A procedure used to study the structure of the mind in which subjects are asked to describe in detail what they are experiencing when they are expose to a stimulus.
William James' Functionalism An early approach to psychology that concentrates on what the mind does - the functions of mental activities - and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environments.
Gestalt Psychology An approach to psychology that focuses on the organization of perception and thinking in a "whole" sense rather than on the individual elements of perception.
Neuroscience Perspective The approach that views behavior from the perspective of the brain, the nervous system, and other biological functions.
Pychodynamic Perspectives The approach based on the view that behavior is motivated by unconscious inner forces over which the individual has little control.
Behavioral Perspectives The approach that suggests that observable, measurable behavior should be the focus of study.
Cognitive Perspectives The approach that focuses on how people thing, understand, and know about the world.
Humanistic Perspective The approach that suggests that all individuals naturally strive to grow, develop, and be in control of their lives and behavior.
Free Will The idea that behavior is caused primarily by choices that are made freely by the individual.
Determinism The idea that People's behavior is produced primarily by factors outside of their willful control.
Created by: lizhopper2
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