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Intro Pharmacology
Chapter 21
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What may drug salts end in? | 1) Mesylate, Tartrate, Citrate 2) Hydrochloride (HCL) 3) Sodium or potassium |
| What does drug name indicate? | Drug class or use |
| How are different drugs classified? | Biological or Biochemical changes w/in the body |
| Drugs w/in same class often have similar | Mechanisms of action, adverse effects, containdictions |
| What does DOC stand for? | Drug of choice |
| What are the four parts of pharmacokinetics? | Absorbtion, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination |
| The study of the movement of and changes in the drug within the body | Pharmacokinetics |
| What do drug absorption factors include? | Ph of the compartment, Lipid solubility, Vascularity of Administration site |
| Drugs react with the __________ of the body compartment it enters | environment |
| If ____________ of drug and the body environment is similar the drug remains intact | acidity |
| If the acidity of the drug and the body environment are dissimilar the drug _______ | ionizes |
| Drugs are better absorbed in _______ environments | like |
| CNS | Central Nervous System |
| Highly lipid soluble drugs include | Most CNS drugs and Anesthetics |
| Once the drug enters the bloodstream it ________ throughout the body | disseminates |
| Protien- drug complexes bound to | Tissue proteins or plasma protiens |
| What is a loading dose? | Large intitial dosage to quickly reach therapeutic levles |
| What is absorbtion? | How the drug gets into the bloodstream |
| What is drug distribution? | Once the drug enters the bloodstream it disseminates throughout the body. |
| Volumes of Distribution | The amount of space the drug occupies in the body. |
| What is large volume of distribution? | drug is distributed throughout the different body compartments |
| What is small volume of distribution? | drug is concentrated mainly in one place |
| What is a drug metabolized by? | Enzymes |
| Drugs are metabolized mainly in the ________ | liver |
| Cytochrome P450 | cytochrome mixed function oxidase system |
| What is Cytochrome P450 | A group of enzymes involved in the mtabolism of most drugs in the liver. |
| Clearance | removal of the drug from the plasma |
| Elimination | Removal of the drug from the body |
| Drug clearance usually by the ___________ | Kidney or liver |
| What is drug half-life? | The amount it takes for half of the drug dosage to clear the body. |
| What is drug half-life influenced by? | Rate of elimintaion and How quickly a drug might be inactivated in the body by enzymes. |
| What alters drug half-lives? | Altering the clearance rate, ph, elimination rate and having a renal or liver dysfunction |
| When is it most likely for Drug interactions to occur? | Absorbtion, Distribution (protein binding) and clearance |
| A drug must be _________ in the _________ to work. | Free, plasma |
| If the drug is not __________ the drug will not have an effect. | absorbed into the bloodstream |
| Three absorbtion level d-d interactions are | Binding interactions, Change pH of the environment, and Change in local blood flow. |
| Most Drugs bind to protein | Albumin |
| Agonist | a drug that mimics the actions of a substance in the body (endogenouss substance) |
| How can an agonsit work? | Stimulating a celllular of biochemical/Pathway, Inhibiting the breakdown of the endogenous substance (Indirect agonism) |
| Antagonist | when one drug decreases or prevents the actions of another drug |
| Additive effects | When two drugs have the same effect, the effect of one will be added to the effect of the other. |
| Synergistic effect | When two drugs have the same physological effect but different mechanisms and one potentiates of the other such that the combined effect is greater than the sum of both tdrug effects. |
| There are drug-food ________ and drug-food _______ | sntagonists and synergists |
| BUN | Blood Urea Nitrogen level |
| High BUN levels indicate __________ | poor kidny f(X) |
| High clearance levels indicate _________ | proper F(x) |
| Liver function is measured by | activity and levels of serum enzymes |
| Blood glucose levels are measure either _________ or shortly _________ | after fasting, after eating |
| High glucose level = | diabetic |
| Low glucose level = | hypoglycemic |
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gordon739203
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