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Phamacokinetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Drug name may indicate the drug ____ or use. | class |
| Mechanisms of action, adverse effects, or contradictions are often similar with ___ | Drugs with the same class |
| Mechanism of action, or how the drug works is classified by the different ___ or ___ changes within the body. | biological / biochemical |
| Drug of choice: | drug or drug class that is superior in treating certain conditons |
| The drug of choice is prescribed.... | frenquently |
| If the DOC doesnt work the ___ line drug is prescirbed (and so on) | second |
| 2nd, 3rd, 4th line drugs are less effective or have more ___ ___ | adverse effects |
| Study of movement of and changes in the drug within the body | Pharacokinetics |
| Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Elimination are the parts of | Pharacokinetics |
| What are the four parts of pharacokinetics? | Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination |
| Drug ___ include: pH of the compartment, lipid solubility, vascularity of admin. site | absorption |
| If ____ of drug and the body enviroment are similar the drug remains intake. | acidity |
| If the acidity of drug is different the drug ___ | ionizes |
| ____ ___ dissolve easily through the cell membrane. | Lipid solubility |
| Lipid soluble drugs include: Most ______ drugs and anestheic. | Central Nervous System |
| The more ____ at the absorption site the faster the drug is absorbed. | blood vessels |
| ____:once the drug enters the bloodstream is disseminates throughout the body | Drug distribution |
| In distribtion part of the drug remains..... | free in the plasma |
| The other part of the drug may be stored either bound to _____ or in fat. | plasma proteins |
| highly lipid soluble drugs stored in fatty tissue include: | Liver, spleen, CNS, and stored fat |
| Drug can also be stored as ___-___ complexes bound to either: Tissue proteins, plasma proteins. | Protein-Drug |
| Only _____ has a therapeutic effect and can be eliminated from the body. | free drug |
| Drugs bound to proteins exist in ____ between bound drug and "free-drug" in the plasma | equilibrium |
| ____ __ ___: volume of space the drug occupies in the body. | Volume of Distribution |
| ___: drug is distributed throughout different body compartments | Large V d |
| Small V d: | drug that is concentrated mainly in one place |
| What is the large intial dosage to quickly reach therapeutic levels? | Loading dose |
| Drugs undergo changes in the body, can be in any organ, however mainly occurs in the ___. | Liver |
| Drug is metabolized by ____. | enzymes |
| Certain enzymes may differ with ___ or ___. | age / gender |
| Cytochrome mixed function oxidase system. (Main enzymes that break down drugs) | Cytochrome P450 |
| Elimination of drug from the plasma... | Clearance |
| Drug clearance is usually done by the __ or ___ | kidney / liver |
| Elimination of drug from the body? | Elimination |
| Filtration by kidney the drug must not be ___ or ____. | lipid soluble / protein bound |
| Drug is secreted by the ____ -> ____ -> ___ | liver -> bile -> feces |
| The amount of time it takes for 1/2 of the drug dosage to clear the body is ____ | drug half-life |
| Rate of elimination and how quickly a drug might be inactivated in the body by the enzymes are both factors of ______ | drug half-life |
| List 3 ways the drug half-life may be altered | pH, altering the elimation rate, and renal or liver disfunction can decrease elimination rate. |
| Adverse effects range from __________ to _______ | uncomfortable / life threating |
| Advises to understand the mechanism of drug's action with ________ background to determine the possible effects. | physiology |
| Interactions most likely occur in three ways... | Absorption, Distribution, and Clearance |
| Free drug must be in ___ to work. | plasma |
| If the drug is not _______________ into the ___ the drug will not have an effect. | absorbed into the bloodstream the drug will not have an effect |
| Binding interactions, change pH of the environment, and change in local blood flow are all.... | absorption level drug-drug interactions |
| Many drugs bind to the same ___ | plasma proteins |
| If drug A binds to all the available proteins, drug B is left in the ___ at high levels | plasma |
| Most bind to protein ______ | Albumin |
| Good example is the drug ___ | Coumadin |
| Body expels the drug through the.... | lungs, urine, or bile |
| Some drugs compete for the same ___ | enzyme |
| Interactions at clearance leads to increased levels of a drug in the ___ | blood |
| Drug that mimics the actions of a substance in the body (endogenous substance) | agonist |
| How can an agonist work? Stimulating a cellular or... | biochemical pathway |
| How can an agonist work? Inhibiting the breakdown of | the substance (indirect agonism) |
| Antagonist effect is defined as | when one drug decreases or prevents actions of another drug |
| An antagonist may bind to a ___ and does not stimulate it, or ___ the receptor to agents that may be able to __ it | receptor / blocks / stimulate |
| Antagonist prevents the function of the ___ | receptor |
| Partial agonists are ___ agonists | weak |
| ___ ___ acts as agonists unless a stronger agonist is present, then they act as antagonist | Partial agonist |
| Partial agonists are useful when there are __ levels of strong addicts | erratic |
| when two drugs have the same effect, the effect of one will be ___ _ _ ___ of the other | added to the |
| Blood pressure that alone decrease bp by 5%, when taken together lower up to | 10% |
| when 2 drugs have the same physiological effect, but the different mechanisms& one adds affects of the other that the combined effects are greater than the sums of both drugs | Synergistic Effect |
| CNS depressants and alcohol have a dangerous __ effect | synergistic |
| True/ False all synergistic effects are bad | False |
| Antagonist effects | one drug decrease or blocks the actions of another drug |
| It is the responsibility of the pharmacy and the doctor/ prescriber to known what __ interact with the prescription | foods |
| There are drug-food antagonists and ___ | syergist |
| High Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)indicate _____ | poor kidney function |
| High clearance levels indicate proper kidney function... | Creatinine and Creatinine Clearance Levels |
| SGOT, SGPT, LDH, ALT, AST | Test for liver function |
| Tests for liver function are measured by... | activity and levels of serum enzymes |
| When looking at liver function the lower the ____the better | enzyme # |
| What is measured after fasting or shortly after eating? | Blood glucose |
| High glucose level? | Diabetic |
| Low glucose level? | Hypoglycemic |
| Serum blood gasses determines respiratory function by measuring ____/___ in the ___ | PPO2 / CO2 / blood |
| Na, K, Ca are all | electrolytes |
| Amount of drug that is available for use. Determined by body's ability to absorb the drug. | Bioavailability |
| Study of how drugs produce their effects in the body | Pharmacodynamics |
Created by:
laurenGfrazier
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