Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
PDA II - Classes/MoA
Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| tesamorelin acetate (Egrifta) | GHRH agonist stimulates synthesis and secretion of GH - approved for HIV lipodystrophy, AP function testing |
| octreotide (Sandostatin) | somastatin analog - trtmt for excess GH - acts by inhibiting release, not synthesis of GH |
| sandostatin LAR | somastatin analog - slow release formula for excess GH - acts by inhibiting release not sysnthesis of GH |
| lanreotide (Somatuline LA) | somastatin analog - for excess GH IM every 10-14 days |
| Somatuline Autogel (lanreotide) | somastatin analog - for excess GH |
| pegvisomant (Somavert) | GH receptor antagonist - effective but concern it will decrease negative feedback by GH and increase size of tumor |
| irradiation | for excess GH - kills all tissue, not selective for tumor --> not ideal |
| GH tumor removal surgery | for GH secreting tumor - must be a large tumor |
| somatropin (Humatrope, Nutropin, Serostim) | identical to human GH - treatment for dwarfism - may be used for AIDS wasting |
| mecasermin (Increlex) | recombinant form of IGF-1 - tx for laron dwarfism |
| bromocriptine (Parlodel) | somewhat selective D2 agonist - tx for high PRL |
| cabergoline (Dostinex) | selective D2 agonist - tx for high PRL - better tolerated |
| oxytocin (Pitocin) | induce or augment labor in last trimester |
| oxytocin (Pitocin) | promote milk letdown |
| oxytocin (Pitocin) | reduce or prevent postpartum hemorrhage |
| water restriction (short term) | tx for SIADH - need to stop increasing blood volume |
| lithium or demecycline (long term) | tx for SIADH - can inhibit effect of ADH by a post receptor mechanism |
| dDAVP (Desmopressin) | vasopressin agonist - 3000x times more selective for V2 over V1 - tx for: central DI, nocturnal enuresis |
| tovaptan (Samsca) | selective V2 antagonist BOXED WARNING - sodium monitoring |
| convipatan (Vaprisol) | V1/V2 antagonist - only available as IV |
| testosterone | short acting parenteral |
| testosterone propionate | short acting parenteral |
| testosterone enanthate | long acting parenteral |
| testosterone cypionate | long acting parenteral |
| Androderm | TRANSDERMAL androgenic agent |
| Androgel, Fortesta | GEL androgenic agent |
| Striant | BUCCAL androgenic agent |
| Axiron | SOLUTION/SPRAY andro. agent - apply to underarm |
| methyl testosterone (Android) | orally active andro agent |
| fluoxymesterone (Androxy) | orally active andro agent |
| oxandrolone (Oxandrin) | orally active andro agent |
| prazosin (Minipress) | alpha blocker - work on a-receptors located on the sphincter of the bladder neck and urethra --> block receptors to help lessen restriction |
| terazosin (Hytrin) | alpha blocker - work on a-receptors located on the sphincter of the bladder neck and urethra --> block receptors to help lessen restriction |
| tamsulosin (Flomax) | alpha blocker - work on a-receptors located on the sphincter of the bladder neck and urethra --> block receptors to help lessen restriction |
| silodosin (Rapaflow) | alpha blocker - work on a-receptors located on the sphincter of the bladder neck and urethra --> block receptors to help lessen restriction |
| alfuzosin (Uroxatral) | alpha blocker - work on a-receptors located on the sphincter of the bladder neck and urethra --> block receptors to help lessen restriction |
| finasteride (Prsocar, Propecia) | 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor - blocks the enzyme required to convert ttone to DHT (stops cause of prostate enlargemt) **pregnant don't touch crushed tabs |
| dutasteride (Avodart) | 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor - blocks the enzyme required to convert ttone to DHT (stops cause of prostate enlargemt) **pregnant do not handle!!! |
| combo of a-blockers and 5HT reductase inhibitors | used together to treat BPH to get greater efficacy? |
| flutamide (Eulexin) | androgen antagonist - blocks androgen receptor (ttone & DHT) but also blocks neg feedbk so there's an increase in circulating ttone! DOESN'T WORK WELL + SIDE EFFECTS |
| alpha blockers | work fastest for BPH! (relief within two days) 5HT reductase drugs can take up to 6 months (takes time to reduce prostate size) |
| alprostadil (Caverject - injection) (MUSE - urethral suppository) | prostaglandin E1 agonists - tx for ED - PG cause DIRECT vasodilation without arousal |
| sildenafil (Viagra, Revatio) | phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors - tx for ED - PDE5 is the enzyme that breaks down cGMP and decreases blood flow, if we inhibit it, vasodilation stays longer |
| tadalafil (Cialis, Adcirca) | phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors - tx for ED - PDE5 is the enzyme that breaks down cGMP and decreases blood flow, if we inhibit it, vasodilation stays longer |
| vardenafil (Levitra, Staxyn) | phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors - tx for ED - PDE5 is the enzyme that breaks down cGMP and decreases blood flow, if we inhibit it, vasodilation stays longer |
| avanfil (Stendra) | phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors - tx for ED - PDE5 is the enzyme that breaks down cGMP and decreases blood flow, if we inhibit it, vasodilation stays longer |
| Cialis (tadalafil) | PDE5 inhib approved for BPH - can treat ED and BPH with one drug! - inhibits cGMP |
| Viagra (sildenafil) | tx for sexual dysfunction in women - for pts who have delayed/absent orgasm? but doesn't affect libido |
| sildenafil | tx for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) - not a very common form of hypertension? |
| saw palmetto | tx for BPH? - not sure if it works |
| ethinyl estradiol | orally active estrogen cmpd used in OC's |
| mestranol | prodrug of ethinyl estradiol |
| tamoxifen (Nolvadex) | SERM breast = ANTAgonist bone = partial AGonist uterus = partial AGonist (can lead to uterine cancer) |
| toremifene (Fareston) | SERM breast = ANTAgonist bone = partial AGonist uterus = partial AGonist (can lead to uterine cancer) *** less agonist action than tamox |
| raloxifene (Evista) | SERM breast = ANTAgonist uterus = ANTAgonist bone = partial AGonist -> tx for osteo, no cancer risk |
| clomiphene (Clomid) | SERM cis is estrogenic, trans is anti-est |
| mini pills | progestin only - primary action to inhibit ovulation by negative fdbk to hypothalamus and AP - also acts by altering endometrium |
| medroxyprogesterone (Depo Provera) | injection every 3 months for contraception |
| enonogestrel (Implanon) | implanted inside upper arm for contra - effective up to 3 years fertility restored promptly |
| combination OCs | progestins added to limit growth of endometrium and promote menses = results in lighter menses |
| progesterone | tx for endometriosis - limits endo growth! |
| laproscopy | surgery to help endometriosis |
| danazol (Danocrine) | decreases FSH and LH and blocks synthesis of est and progest; has weak androgenic activity; causes amenorrhea - tx for endometriosis |
| progesterone | suppress spontaneous abortion |
| progesterone | added into HRT to promote mensses and protect from uterine cancer |
| 0.75 levonorgestrel (Next Choice) | progesterone emergency contraceptive - inhib tubular transport of sperm use within 72 hours of sex |
| 1.5 levonorgestrel (Plan B) | progesterone emergency contraceptive - inhib tubular transport of sperm use within 72 hours of sex |
| ulipristal (Ella) | partial agonist at progesterone receptors (selective progesterone receptor modulator) - inhibit ovulation/implantation effective up to 5 days after sex |
| mifepristone (Mifeprex) | competitive antagonist at progest recpt. - abortifacient!~!!!! given up to 6 weeks since menses give PG called misoprotol a couple days after to cause uterine contractions |
| ethinyl estradiol/etonogestrel (NuvaRing) | release of steroids is zero order! major effect = inhib of ovulation also affects uterine composition |
| ethinyl estradiol/norelgestromin (Ortho Evra) | release of steroids is zero order! major effect = inhib of ovulation also affects uterine composition |
| clomiphene (Clomid) | fertility = estrogen antagonist competes with estrogen for binding sites in hypo, AP, and ovary -> body releases more LHRH -> more FSH and LH (increase in FSH may result in developmt/release of more than one egg) |
| goserelin (Zoladex) | GnRH AGonist used to suppress LH/FSH - tx for prostate cancer, decr ttone |
| leuprolide (Lupron) | GnRH AGonist used to suppress LH/FSH - tx for endometriosis, decr progest |
| nafarelin | GnRH AGonist used to suppress LH/FSH - tx for precocious puberty given intranasally |
| cetrorelix | GnRH ANTAGonist - may be used in assisted reproduction to suppress premature LH surges -> helps improve implantation - also used as prostate cancer trmt |
| ganirelix | GnRH ANTAGonist - may be used in assisted reproduction to suppress premature LH surges -> helps improve implantation - also used as prostate cancer trmt |
| levothyroxine (Synthroid) | 100% T4 - tx for hypothyroidism |
| methimazole (Tapazole) | thiourea - tx for hyperthyroidism tautomerism = required for binding decrease thyroid peroxidase reactions, decr iodine organification, decr coupling of iodotyrosines (MITS & DITS |
| carbimazole | thiourea - tx for hyperthyroidism tautomerism = required for binding decrease thyroid peroxidase reactions, decr iodine organification, decr coupling of iodotyrosines (MITS & DITS |
| propylthiouracil (PTU) | thiourea - tx for hyperthyroidism ***decr peripher deiodination (PTU ONLY)*** also decr thyroid peroxidase, iodine organification, and coupling of iodotyrosines |
| radioactive iodine (I131) | tx for hyperthyroidism selectively taken up by thryoid - radiation destroys the gland |
| subtotal thyroidectomy | removing part of the gland by surgery - tx for hyperthy risks involved |
| iodide | high conc decr synthesis & release of T3/T4 - used ONLY prior to thyroid surgery |
| B-blockers as adjuncts | tx for hyperthyroidism - may help relieve some of the cardiac manifestations: decr HR, BP, anxiety, tremors |
| osteoporosis treatments | calcium, vit D, calcitonin, bisphosphonates, estrogens, SERMS, androgens, intermittent PTH |
| etidronate | 1st gen bisphosphonate - inhibit resorption at higher doses inhib bone mineralization (NOT WANTED) |
| clodronate | 1st gen bisphosphonate - inhibit resorption at higher doses inhib bone mineralization (NOT WANTED) |
| pamidronate | 2nd gen bisphosphonate -incorporation of aminoalkyl side chain at Cl increase anti-resorptive potency 10=fold **allows for separation between antiresorptive and bone mineralization effects! |
| alendronate (Fosamax) | 2nd gen bisphosphonate -incorporation of aminoalkyl side chain at Cl increase anti-resorptive potency 10=fold **allows for separation between antiresorptive and bone mineralization effects! |
| risedronate (Actonel) | 3rd gen bisphosphonate - incorporation of a nitrogen heterocycle at Cl further enhances anti-resorptive potency |
| zoledronate (Reclast) | 3rd gen bisphosphonate - incorporation of a nitrogen heterocycle at Cl further enhances anti-resorptive potency |
| ibandronate (Boniva) | cross between 2nd & 3rd gen bisphosph |
| all bisphosphonates (very strong acids!) | mech = incorporated into the bone matrix, inhibits further osteoclast activity when encountered - also decrease bone turnover, does reduce bone loss but may effect quality |
| calcitonin (Miacalcin) | action is to lower plasma Ca levels - decr osteoclast activity - decr kidney reabsorp??? |
| estrogen/SERMs | inhibit osteoclast activity |
| teriparatide | recombinant formulation of PTH (34 AA sequence identical to N terminal) - stimulate osteoblast function, incr GI Ca absorption, incr renal tubular reabsorp of Ca -> increased bone mineral density and bone mass! possibly bonce cancer though :( |
| lithium and demeclocycline | impair V2 receptor function - can lead to nephrogenic DI - inhibit effects of ADH by post receptor mech |
| hydrocortisone | gcoid activity = 1 mcoid = 1 SHORT ACTING, DOC for replacement? |
| prednisolone | gcoid = 4 mcoid = 0.8 INTERMEDIATE, anti-infl/immunosupp |
| fludrocortisone | gcoid 10 mcoid 125 SHORT, used for mcoid effects |
| dexamethasone | gcoide 25 mcoid ZERO LONG, anti-infl/immunosupp |
| cortisone | gcoid 0.8 mcoid 0.8 SHORT, cheap/inactive |
| corticosterone | gcoid 0.3 mcoid 15 SHORT acting |
| prednisone | gcoid 4 mcoid 0.8 INTERMEDIATE, inactive |
| methylprednisolone | gcoid 5 mcoid 0.5 INTERMEDIATE, anti-infl/immunosupp |
| triamcinolone | gcoid 5 mcoid ZERO INTERMEDIATE, more toxic |
| betamethasone | gcoid 25 mcoid ZERO LONG, anti-infl/immunosupp |
| aldosterone | gcoid ZERO mcoid 500!!!!!!!!! endogenous steroid |
| systemic gcoid dosage forms | oral, IV, IM |
| topical gcoid dosage forms | drops (for eyes, nose), ointments, creams, inhalatns - for local effect |
| systemic uses for gcoids | rheumatoid arthritis, allergies, GI diseases, immunosupp for organ transplant |
| topical uses for gcoids | skin diseases, ocular diseases, asthma |
Created by:
astephens5
Popular Pharmacology sets