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Ch 2 RAD 150
The Structure of Matter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| During the Greek era, scientist believed that all matter was composed of what four substances? | earth, water, air and fire |
| _____ elements have been identified. | 118 |
| An _____ is the smallest particle that has all the properties of an element. | atom |
| According to Dalton, an element was composed of ______ atoms that reacted the same way chemically. | identical |
| Mendeleev's work resulted in the: | periodic table of elements |
| J.J Thompson described the atom as a ____ _____. | plum pudding |
| In 1911, _______ described the atom as a dense, positive nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negative electrons. | Rutherford |
| In 1913, ____ described the atom as a miniature solar system. | Bohr |
| The center of an atom is termed the ____. | nucleus |
| Name the three fundamental particles of an atom: | neutron, proton and electron |
| Stable atoms are considered electrically _____. (same number of protons and neutrons) | neutral |
| Because of its size, the atomic particle is expressed in _____. | (amu) atomic mass unit |
| Atoms that have the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons are ______. | isotopes |
| ______ is the removal or addition of an orbital electron from an atom. | Ionization |
| The _____ _____ distinguishes elements by number of protons contained in the nucleus. | atomic number |
| Protons and neutrons are subdivided into _____ and _____. | quarks; gluons |
| Protons and neutrons are located in the _____. | nucleus |
| Electrons are located in ____ surrounding the nucleus. | orbits. |
| The _____ an orbit is to the nucleus, the stronger the binding energy. | closer |
| What is the max number of electrons that can exist in the O shell? | 50 (use the 2n2 formula) (O is the 5th shell) |
| The formula 2n2 gives you the ____ number of electrons in a shell. | maximum |
| Atoms of various elements combine to form _____; Molecules combine to form ______. | molecules; compounds |
| The value ____ eV is called the ionization potential. | 34 |
| Chemical combining characteristics describes how an ____ will bond with other atoms. | atom |
| Abbreviations of elements are called ____. | chemical symbols |
| The number of protons is called the ______. | atomic number |
| Atomic nuclei that have the same atomic mass number but different atomic numbers are ________. | isobars |
| Atoms that have the same number of neutrons but different number of protons are _____. | isotones |
| _____ have the same atomic number and the same atomic mass number. | Isomers |
| In _____ emission, an electron is created and ejected from the nucleus of an isotope. | beta |
| In _____ emission, an isotope emits 2 protons and 2 neutrons, changing chemically and in weight. | alpha |
| The process of a nucleus spontaneously emitting particles and energy and transforming itself into another atom to reach stability is called _____ ____. | radioactive decay |
| 3.3 half lives = | 1 tenth life |
| Particulate radiation is associated with ___ and ____ particles and radioactive decay. | alpha, beta |
| The ____ particle range is longer than that for a _____ particle. | beta; alpha |
| X-rays and gamma rays are forms of _______. | electromagnetic ionizing radiation |
| X-rays and gamma rays are often called _____, which travel at the speed of light. | photons |
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