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Pharmacology Chap 4
Test 1 Ch. 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Absorption | The process of moving a drug across body membranes. |
| Affinity | Chemical attraction that impels certain molecules to unite with others to form complexes. |
| Blood-brain barrier | Anatomical structure that prevents certain substances from gaining access to the brain. |
| Conjugates | Side chains that, during metabolism, make drugs more water soluble and more easily excreted by the kidney. |
| Distribution | The process of transporting drugs through the body. |
| Drug-protein complex | Drug that has bound reversibly to a plasma protein, particularly albumin, that makes the drug unavailable for distribution to body tissues. |
| Enterohepatic recirculation | Recycling of drugs and other substances by the circulation of bile through the intestine and liver. |
| Enzyme induction | Process in which a drug changes the function of the hepatic microsomal enzymes and increases metabolic activity in the liver. |
| Excretion | The process of removing substances from the body. |
| Fetal-placental barrier | Special anatomical structure that inhibits entry of many chemicals and drugs to the fetus. |
| First-pass effect | Mechanism whereby drugs are absorbed across the intestinal wall and enter into the hepatic portal circulation. |
| Hepatic microsomal enzyme system | As it relates to pharmacotherapy, liver enzymes that inactivate drugs and accelerate their excretion; sometimes called the P-450 system. |
| Loading dose | Comparatively large dose given at the beginning of treatment to rapidly obtain the therapeutic effect of a drug. |
| Maintenance dose | Dose that keeps the plasma drug concentration continuously in the therapeutic range. |
| Metabolism | Total of all biochemical reactions in the body. |
| Minimum effective concentration | Amount of drug required to produce a therapeutic effect. |
| Pharmacokinetics | Study of how drugs are handled by the body. |
| Plasma half-life | The length of time required for the plasma concentration of a drug to decrease by half after administration. |
| Prodrug | Drug that becomes more active after it is metabolized. |
| Therapeutic range | The dosage range or serum concentration that achieves the desired drug effects. |
| Toxic concentration | Level of drug that will result in serious adverse effects. |
| 4 components of pharmacokinetics | Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion |
| Absorption depends on | The size of the drug molecule, its lipid solubility, its degree of ionization, and interactions with food or other medications |
| Drugs can be excreted by? | The kidneys, bile, lung, or by glandular secretions. |
| Distribution depends on? | Formation of drug-protein complexes and special barriers such as placenta and brain barriers. |
| Plateau drug plasma level can be reached by? | Repeated dosing |
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1SmartLady
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