In each blank, try to type in the
word that is missing. If you've
typed in the correct word, the
blank will turn green.
If your not sure what answer should be entered, press the space bar and the next missing letter will be displayed. When you are all done, you should look back over all your answers and review the ones in red. These ones in red are the ones which you needed help on. Question: A feature of an event that can be measured is a(n)
Answer: Dimension
Question: All of the following are measurable Answer: Topography Question: If you are interested in amount of time it takes a student to begin a task after the teacher has given an instruction you would measure _________________.
Answer: Response Question: The force or of a behavioral response is called
Answer: Magnitude Question: The procedure of observing and recording behavior during intervals or at specific moments in time is called ___________.
Answer: Time Question: A procedure that can be used to measure a continuous behavior such as academic engagement is _____________________.
Answer: Whole interval Question: All of the following could be assessed using natural permanent product measurement except:
Answer: Raising hand in Question: Permanent product may be more accurate, complete, and continuous for all of the following reasons except:
Answer: The definitions are more precise
Question: A teacher is interested in measuring the engagement of of students at certain times of the day. An appropriate measurement procedure for this would be
Answer: Planned activity Question: _________________ measurement facilitates data collection for interobserver agreement and treatment integrity.
Answer: Direct Question: A procedure that allows for the simultaneously recording of multiple behaviors across multiple dimensions is called ______________.
Answer: -assisted
Question: Measurement is the of applying qualitative labels to events.
Answer: Question: The number of response opportunities needed to achieve a level of performance is called trials-to-criterion.
Answer: True Question: A of data that appears to exist because of the way the data is measured or examined is called an artifact.
Answer: Question: The amount of time that elapses between two consecutive instances of a response class is called response .
Answer: Question: One benefit of measurement is that it helps practitioners verify the of different treatments.
Answer: True Question: Measurement is ___________ when it yields the same values across repeated measurement of the same event.
Answer: Question: Measurement __________________ are data that give an unwarranted or misleading picture of the behavior because of the way measurement was conducted.
Answer: Question: __________________ _____________ is the biggest threat to the accuracy and reliability of data.
Answer: Human Question: Observer _____________ is an unintended change in the way an observer uses a measurement system over the course of an investigation.
Answer: Question: _______________ ____________________ is the degree to which two or more independent observers report the same observed values after measuring the same events.
Answer: Interobserver (IOA)
Question: Which is a false about the requirements of IOA?
Answer: IOA observers must always score videotapes Question: Measurement that is _____________ , ________________, and reliable yields the most trustworthy and useful data for science and science-based practicesAnswer: , accurate
Question: Which of the following is not a that contributes to measurement error?
Answer: Well-trained Question: Measurement bias caused by observer expectations can be avoided by using _______ observers.
Answer: Question: __________________ ______ ___________________ between observers is the most common convention for reporting IOA in ABA.
Answer: of Agreement
Question: Scored – interval IOA is recommended for behaviors that occur at relative _________frequencies; unscored – interval IOA is recommended for behaviors that occur at relative _____________frequencies.
Answer: Low, Question: Measurement is accurate when observed values, the data produced by measuring an event, match the true state, or true , of the event. Answer: True Question: should not receive systematic training prior to data collection because training will cause observer bias.
Answer: False Question: should receive feedback about the extent to which their data confirm or run counter to hypothesized results or treatment goals.
Answer: False Question: True values for some behaviors (e.g., compliance) are because the process for determining true value must be different from the measurement procedures used to obtain the data one wishes to compare to the true value.
Answer: Question: A mean of 80% agreement the data are accurate.
Answer: Question: Behavior change is considered a ________ and _______ process, therefore it is important to maintain direct and continuous contact with the behavior under investigation.
Answer: , on-going
Question: _____________ are relatively simple formats for visually displaying relationships among and between a series of measurements and relevant variables.
Answer: Question: The three fundamental properties of illustrated on a graph include:
Answer: , trend, variability
Question: Graphs are considered a _______________ _______________; devices that help the practitioner or experimenter interpret the results of a study or treatment.
Answer: aid
Question: The __________ graph is the most common graphic format for displaying data in applied behavior analysis.
Answer: Question: Bar graphs sacrifice the presentation of the ____________ and ___________ in behavior.
Answer: , trends
Question: On a cumulative record the steeper the slope, ____________ the response rate.
Answer: The Question: Logarithmic scales are well suited to display and communicate ______________________ change.
Answer: Question: This type of provides a standardized means of charting and analyzing how the frequency of behavior changes over time.
Answer: Standard Chart
Question: Precision teaching focuses on ________________ rather than the specific frequency of correct and incorrect responses.
Answer: Question: Behavior analysts typically use _________________ ____________________ to interpret graphically displayed dataAnswer: Visual Question: lue on the vertical axis scale around which a set of behavior measures converge is called ______________.
Answer: Question: The overall direction taken by a data path is its __________________.
Answer: Question: Graphs are not considered an effective source of feedback to the person whose behavior change is .
Answer: False Question: A cumulative record should be used if the behavior can only occur once per measurement period.
Answer: Question: You should always connect data points on a line graph, even if there is a condition line.
Answer: False Question: Overall response rate refers to the average rate of over a given time period.
Answer: Question: If you the data on a graph are distorted by the scaling of the axes you should re-plot the data on a new graph before continuing with visual analysis.
Answer: True Question: The basic unit of analysis in the analysis of operant behavior; encompasses the temporal and possible dependent relations among an antecedent stimulus, behavior, and .
Answer: Three-term contingency Question: A time sampling method for measuring behavior in which the observation period is divided into a series of brief time intervals (typically from 5 to 15 ). At the end of each interval, the observer records whether the target behavior occurred throughAnswer: -interval
Question: A two-phase design consisting of a pre-treatment baseline condition (a) followed be a treatment condition (B).
Answer: AB Question: The variable in an experiment measured to determine if it changes as a result of manipulations of the independent variable; in applied behavior analysis, it represents some measure of a significant behavior. (See target behavior; compare with indAnswer: Dependent Question: The particular type and sequence of in a study so that meaningful comparisons of the effects of the presence and absence (or different values) of the independent variable can be made.
Answer: design
Question: The variable that is systematically manipulated by the researcher in an experiment to see whether changes in the independent variable produce reliable changes in the variable. In applied behavior analysis, it is usually an environmental event orAnswer: Independent variable Question: A wide variety of research designs that use a form of reasoning called baseline logic to demonstrate the effects of the independent variable on the behavior of individual subjects. Can be considered the most frequently used design in behavioAnswer: Single-subject design Question: The science in which tactics derived from the of behavior are applied to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for the improvement in behavior.
Answer: behavior analysis
Question: Repeating conditions an experiment to determine the reliability of effects and increase internal validity (see baseline logic, prediction, verification.) (b) Repeating whole experiments to determine the generality of findings of previous experimentAnswer: Replication Question: Occurs when the that is measured is the same as the behavior that is the focus of the investigation.
Answer: Direct
Question: Occurs when the behavior that is measured is in some way from the behavior of interest; considered less valid than direct measurement because inferences about the relation between the data obtained and the actual behavior of interest are requireAnswer: Indirect measurement Question: An experimental design in which two or more conditions (one of which may be a no treatment condition) are presented in rapidly alternating succession (e.g., on alternating sessions or days) independent of the level of responding; differences in reAnswer: treatments design Question: This person is considered to be the of experimental analysis of behavior.Answer: B.F. Question: In changing criterion design each phase of the design provides a ______ for the following phase.Answer: Question: An experimental design used to evaluate the effects of treatment in a graduated or step-wise for a single behavior. Uses prediction and replication to show experimental control.Answer: Changing criterion Question: ______ ______is used to document the amount of time a student spends engaging in a behaviorAnswer: recording Question: An experiment has a high degree of _______ when the experiment shows convincingly that changes in behavior are a function of the independent variable and not the result of uncontrolled or unknown variables.Answer: validity Question: Time from end of the cue to the of a movement cycleAnswer: Latency Question: The observer looks up and records whether a behavior occurs or does not occur at the very end of the Answer: Momentary Time Question: The observer is interested in behavior that or not in any part of the interval and that the behavior usually does not consume the entire interval.Answer: Partial interval Question: The extent to which a measurement procedure yields the same value when brought into repeated contact with the same of nature. Answer: Reliability Question: Most basic experimental design in case research. examines effects of intervention by alternating the baseline condition (A) with the intervention condition (B). The A and B phases are repeated again to complete four phases. Making and testing prediAnswer: ABAB Question: The degree to which a study's findings have generality to subjects, settings, and/or behaviors.Answer: validity Question: A relationship in which one variable changes systematically according to the value of . Generalization The spread of effect from a particular stimulus to other stimuli that share common elements.Answer: Functional Question: The behavior selected for change
Objective, Clear, Complete
Answer: Behavior Question: designs that combine multipe baselne, reversal, and/or alternating treatment tactics can also provide the basis for comparing the effects of two or more independent variablesAnswer: Component Question: Any experimental design in which the researcher attempts to the effect of the independent variable by "reversing" responding to a level obtained in a previous conditionAnswer: reversal Question: A situation that occurs when the level of responding observed in a previous phase cannot be reproduced even though the experimental conditions are the same as they were the earlier phaseAnswer: Question: An experimental design that begins with the measurement of two or more behaviors in a baseline condition, followed by the application of the treatment variable to one of the behaviors while baseline conditions remain in effect for the other behAnswer: Multiple baseline Question: Measuring behavior after it has occurred by measuring the effects that the produced on the environmentAnswer: Permanent Question: Obtained by combining observation time with a tally of the number of of behavior. Ratio of count per observation time.Answer: Question: This design can be used to the effects of a treatment on the gradual or stepwise improvement of a behavior already in the subject’s repertoire.Answer: Changing criterion Question: The number of times a occurs. Frequency is the dimension of measurement one should select when you wan to answer the question "How many times".Answer: Frequency Question: In a single-subject experiment, each treatment is repeated at least once for each subject and is measured. This helps establish the reliability of the results obtained from a single-subject experiment.Answer: Intrasubject Question: Often make between group take “snap shots” of behavior (E.g., pre-test, post-test).
Rely primarily on statistical analysis
Answer: Large Group research Question: An assessment occasionally during single-case investigation. Answer: Question: One group receives treatment and the does not. Answer: Design |
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