In each blank, try to type in the
word that is missing. If you've
typed in the correct word, the
blank will turn green.
If your not sure what answer should be entered, press the space bar and the next missing letter will be displayed. When you are all done, you should look back over all your answers and review the ones in red. These ones in red are the ones which you needed help on. Question: How does ADH (antidiuretic ) work?Answer: An increase in ADH will cause the kidney to fluid and a decrease in ADH will cause the kidney to excrete fluid. Question: How does work?Answer: Aldosterone causes the kidney to retain & water. Question: How do shifts occur?Answer: Decreased vascular colloid pressure, capillary hydrostatic pressure, increased capillary permeability, lymph obstruction. Question: What is colloid osmotic ?Answer: Colloid osmotic pressure is the pulling force of albumin (protein) in the space. Question: What would be the result of low colloid osmotic ?Answer: Less water would be pulled into the vessels from the interstitial spaces. Question: How would colloid osmotic pressure ?Answer: A decrease in protein (albumin), as in malnutrition, burns or liver damage result in low colloid osmotic pressure. Question: What would happen to the blood volume if more water stayed in the interstitial ?Answer: More water in the interstitial spaces create a lower blood volume. Question: What an increase in hydrostatic pressure cause?Answer: An increase in capillary pressure will cause fluid & solutes to be forced into interstitial space or prevent colloid osmotic pressure from pulling water in. Question: What increased capillary permeability cause?Answer: Damage to blood vessels causes proteins to leak into the space, the result is edema since the protein in the interstitial space attracts water. Question: How does inflammation, burns or allergic reactions effect ?Answer: Inflammation, burns or allergic reactions cause vasodilation and increased capillary , causing both water & solutes to move into the tissues creating edema. Question: What is ?Answer: Hypovolemia is sodium & water excess, occurs with heart failure. Heart failure renal blood flow and causes retention of sodium & water. Question: What are the signs & of hypervolemia?Answer: gain, peripheral edema, distended neck & peripheral veins, bounding full pulse, polyuria, pulmonary edema, moist rales. Serum sodium levels may be normal or decreased due to dilution. Question: What is ?Answer: is due to a loss of both water & electrolytes, especially sodium. Question: What are of hypovolemia?Answer: A reduced circulating volume can be caused by blood loss, reduced fluid intake, excessive fluid loss, fluid lost to interstitial space. Question: What is the for hypovolemia?Answer: Determine renal function, isotonic electrolyte solution (lactated ringers), followed by a hypotonic solution. Continue fluids, lung sounds & BP for indications of overload. Question: What are clinical of fluid volume deficiency?Answer: of fluid volume deficiency may include decreased urine, output, drop in systolic BP, weak rapid pulse, dry mucous membranes, last stages include cold, clammy skin, olguria, stupor & coma. Question: What is spacing?Answer: Third spacing is a shift of fluid from the vascular bed to the interstitial space. The vascular volume is reduced, but the will have edematous tissue. |
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