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Question: In fungal diseases of the lung, tactile, and fremitus would more than likely be decreasedAnswer: Question: Which of the following are clinical that may be associated with TBAnswer: Dull precussion note, breath sounds, radiographic evidence of cavity formation Question: Clinical findings associated with lung areAnswer: Decreased FEVT and Foul brown or gray sputum Question: When lung abscess is caused by -suseptible strains of Staph aureus, nafcillin or oxacillin may be used to treat itAnswer: TRUE Question: In the wet drowning victim a normal chest radiograph in the first 24 hours out the possiblity of alveolar-capiliary deteriorationAnswer: Question: A tuberculin test begins with a wheal of what sizeAnswer: 10mm or Question: In wet drowning, when fluid is initially inhaled, the bronchi ___________ in response to a _____________ reflex.Answer: , parasympathetic-mediated Question: When a pulmonary embolus lodges itself in the pulmonary circulation there is an in blood flow distal to the obstruction1Answer: FALSE Question: Which of the following is by far the most common of pulmonary embolismAnswer: Blood Question: Pulmonary edema is considered an obstructive disorderAnswer: Question: All of following are considered pathologic or structual changes associated with pulmonary edemaAnswer: frothy pink secretions throughout the tracheobroncial tree, atelectasis and intersitial edema Question: Because no carbon dioxide or oxygen exchange occurs beyond a pulmonary embolus, dead and wasted ventilation increasesAnswer: TRUE Question: _______________ refers to infection from bacilli that escape from a tubercle and move to sites other than the lungsAnswer: Disseminated tuberculosis and extrapulmonary Question: Major pathologic and changes occuring with wet drowning includeAnswer: frothy white and pink secretions t/o the tracheobroncial tree, edema, larngospasm and bronchospasm Question: TB bacilli are almost exculsively transmitted within aerosol droplets, produced by the coughing, , or laughing of an individual with active TBAnswer: True Question: Graduated compression stockings used to prevent pulmonary embolism, help the and muscles move more blood more efficiently by squeezing the patient's armAnswer: false Question: What happens to alveolar surface tension in pulmonary Answer: it Question: which of the following may be pathologic or changes to the lungs associated with pulmonary embolismAnswer: alveolar atelectasis, pulmonary infarction, blockage of the pulmonary vascular system, possible of cellular mediators leading to bronchoconstriction Question: When a drowning victim with fixed and dilated pupils has been submerged in cold for 30 minutes the prognosis is always poor. true or false?Answer: Question: Which of the following are clinical findings associated with pulmonary Answer: Increased in infracted areas on radiograph, increased pulmonary artery pressure, decreased DO2 Question: In QFT-G testing an elevated IFN-gamma is diagnostic of TB, true or false?Answer: Question: Echinocandins is a relatively new class of antifungal agnets used to treat fungal infections from and Candida, True or False?Answer: Question: When is it to intubate and mechanically ventilate a drowning victim? Answer: The patient is not breathing spontaneously or The is breathing spontaneously with a PaO2 <60 mmHg on an FIO2 0.40 Question: Which of the following is the most common fungal in the United States?Answer: Histoplasmosis Question: Apena associated with near wet drowning is directly related to the length of time the victim is submerged (i.e. the longer the submersion the more the victim is w/o spontaneous respirations)Answer: TRUE Question: Pulmonary angiography is an extremly accurate test for determining the presence of pulmonary embolism? true or Answer: Question: Chest assessment commonly show which of the following directly over a lung abscess?Answer: pleural friction rub, dull percussion note, bronchial breath sounds, dimished breath Question: The most used tuberculin skin test is the Answer: test Question: osmotic pressure is called oncotic pressureAnswer: Question: Which of the following is/are considered first-line agent(s) of for the entire 9 month protocol Answer: Isoniazid and Question: H Capsulatum is commonly found in the soil that is near chicken houses, pigeon lofts, and Answer: TRUE Question: The chest radiograph for lung abscess will more than show decreased opacity, cavity formation and pleural effusionAnswer: FALSE Question: A necrosis of lung tissue that, in severe cases leads to a localized air and fluid-filled cavity is the of Answer: Lung Question: During treatment the victim's body temperature may be using which of the followingAnswer: IV of heat solutions, heated lavage to peritoneal spaces, heating blankets, heating the victim's inspired air Question: During wet drowning cardiogenic pulmonary edema results from fluid in the capillaries moving into the perivascular spacesAnswer: Question: Vancomycin is commonly used to treat methcillin-resistant strains of S Answer: Question: What is considered tthe most common cause of pulmonary ?Answer: increased capillary hydrostatic Question: Risk factors associated with causing pulmonary realted to venous stasis includeAnswer: Inactivity/prolong sitting, hip or abdominal operations Question: which of the following infections are considered opportunistic pathogens seen in patients with HIV infectionAnswer: Cryptococcus and Question: Which of the are considered common causes of cardiogenic pulmonaryAnswer: fluid administration, left ventricle failure, and mitral valve disease Question: Which of the is considered a thrombolytic agent used in treating pulmonary embolismAnswer: Streptokinase Question: Which of the following are clinical findings that may be with pulmonary edemaAnswer: Decreased pH and increased PaCO2 in severe edema, Decreased cardio outout, Increased Question: At onset, those portions of the lungs affected by pulmonary embolism will have a _______Answer: High V/Q Question: Medications and procedures used to help pulmonary edema includeAnswer: Positive agents, diuretic agents, ACE inhibitors Question: The following are or structural changes associated with lung abscess Answer: Atelectasis, cavity formation, tissue necrosis, fibrosis and calcification of the lung Question: Which of the following alterations of the lungs are associated with lung abscess Answer: Cavity formation, alveolar consolidation, fistula, Atelectasis, excessive airway secretions Question: Which of the following should be done when treating a near victim during transport?Answer: Administer the highest quality CPR possible, Conserve the 's body heat, Administer 100% oxygen Question: Which of the are clinical findings in near wet drowning victimAnswer: Tachypnea, Decreased lung compliance, An in intra-pulmonary shunting Question: What is the normal hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary that tends to move fluid out of the pulmonary capillaries Answer: 10-15 mm Question: Which of the following factors favor a positive in cold-water near drowning??Answer: The the water the better Question: The different types of include: Answer: Wet drowning, near , dry drowning Question: After being inhaled, fungal spores may reach the lungs where ________ and ________ engulf them.Answer: and Polymorphonuclear leukocytes Question: Coccidioidmycosis is also asAnswer: Desert Question: of the following is considered the drug of choice for most fungal infections?Answer: IV Amphotercin B Question: factors that frequently lead to the aspiration of gastrointestinal fluids (and anaerobes) are usually related to which of the following?Answer: General anesthesia, head trauma, accident, seizure disorder, alcoholic abuse Question: Coughing and hemoptysis due to a pulmonary embolism can be the ofAnswer: plasma moving across the alveolar capillary membrane into the alveolar spaces, increased pulmonary pressure, red blood cells moving across the alveolar capillary membrane Question: of the following may be implicated in causing ILD?Answer: Berylliosis, , Goodpasture's syndrome, Coal dust, and Radiation therapy Question: Is considered an obstructive disorder?Answer: NO Question: is a Answer: posterior curve of the Question: The main goal of managing interstitial lung disease is directed at controlling the inflammation associated with the disordersAnswer: Question: What term is used to the accumulation of gas (free air) in the pleural spaceAnswer: Question: In the most cases a chest tube is commonly used to treat a pneumothorax. since air rises the tube is normally placed posteriorly near the base of the lungAnswer: Question: Squamous cell Answer: originates from the basal cells of the bronchial Question: Surgical resection is an option for patients with NSCLC up to stage IIIAAnswer: TRUE Question: In patients suffering from kyphoscoliosis oxygen therpay is used to; treat hypoxemia, decrease the work of breathing and decrease myocardial work. Hypoxemia caused by capillary shunting is often refractory to therapyAnswer: Question: Which of the following are considered major pathological or structural changes associated with pleural Answer: Compression of the great veins, , Decrease venous return of blood to the heart, lung compression Question: NONE of the following are clinical manifestations that are normally assoicated with kyposcoliosisAnswer: Decreased heart size seen on chest radiograph due to cor pulmonale, Increased FVC, Decreased pulmonary shunting, Hyperinflated areas seen on radiograph where lung compression is evident, decreased CVP and PA Question: Polycythemia and cor are both late findings associated with kyphoscoliosisAnswer: True Question: During the chronic stages of ILD the inflammatory state is charcterized by edema and the infiltration of a variety of RBCs in the alveolar Answer: Question: NONE of the of the following are considered findings associated with pneumothoraxAnswer: VC, Decreased FRC, Increased CVP, and Decreased cardio output Question: of the following can be used in managing/ treating pleural effusionAnswer: Chest tube drainage, pleurodesis, Hyperinflatio protocol, Thoracentesis, Oxygen protocol Question: When gas (free air) enters the pleural the visceral and parietal pleura bond togetherAnswer: Question: Which of the following are also used to describe lung diseaseAnswer: Pulmonary and Pneumoconiosis Question: Because acute changes on chronic ventilatory failure are rarely seen in the patient with ILD the use of mechanical ventilation is never requiredAnswer: FALSE Question: A mediastinal shift to the unaffected side may be with a pleural effusionAnswer: TRUE Question: The following are considered pathologic or structural changes associated with ILDAnswer: Cavity , Honeycombing, and Bronchospasm Question: Identify the clinical manifestations that may be with pleural effusionAnswer: Increased pulmonary shunting, Increased CVP and Increased PVR, Blunting of the costophrenic angles and the of a meniscus sign on chest radiograph, depressed diaphragm Question: A pnumothorax that is the result of a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure is referred to as a traumatic pneumothoraxAnswer: Question: Fail chest is considered a obstructive disorderAnswer: Question: Trauma to the neck commonly which of the followingAnswer: Chylothorax Question: Systemic lupus erythematosus presents as a multisystem disorder mainly involving the skin and joints. However, the lungs are involved in about _______ of the cases Answer: 50% to 70% Question: Surgery is normally the best option for those patients who have NSCLC in both lungs up to an including IV diseaseAnswer: FALSE Question: Thoracentesis may be useful both therapeutically and in the management of pleural effusionAnswer: TRUE Question: Systemic diseases associated with ILD Answer: Scleroderma Question: Which of the following are considered of flail chest?Answer: Motor vehicle accident, Industrial accident, compression by a heavy object Question: What value is used as a benchmark for not being able to view a pleural effusion on an chest x-ray?Answer: when the effusion is less than Question: The hypoxemia associated ILD is caused byAnswer: shunting,Alveolar thickening, fibrosis Question: What type of radiographic technique should be used when a pleural effusion is difficult to determine because of the obliteration to one or both by atelectasis and or pulmonary infiltratesAnswer: Lateral decubitus Question: Which of the following ILDAnswer: It can be both a restrictive and an disorder Question: The clinical manifestations associated with are based on the clinical scenarios activated by which of the followingAnswer: bronchial secertions and Atelectasis Question: Which of the following seem to be causes of KyposcoliosisAnswer: Neuromuscular disorders, Hormonal imbalance, Tumors, Bone Question: A disorder where there are double fractures of at least three or more adjacent ribs causing the thoracic cage to become unstable is specifically referred to as____________Answer: A Flail Question: The presence of blood in the pleural space is best known as _________ and can be confirmed by checking___________Answer: Hemothorax, Question: The most common cause of effusion isAnswer: congestive failure Question: In a patient with a pneumothorax when is the evacuation of air from the pleural usually necessaryAnswer: When it is than 20% Question: Microscopic examiniation of the thickened septa in asbestosis Answer: brown or orange baton-like Question: What type of breath sounds are by a pneumothorax Answer: breath sounds Question: An increased rate seen in patient's with kyposcoliosis may be the result of which pathophysiologic mechanisms?Answer: Decreased lung compliance/increased respiratory rate relationship, Stimulation of perpheral chemoreceptors, pain/anxiety, Question: What is the term specifically used to a pneumothorax that results in a one-way valve allowing gas to enter the pleural space on inspiration but prohibiting it from leaving on expirationAnswer: / closed pneumothorax Question: In order to evacuate air from the cavity and re-expand a lung affected by a pneumothorax, the suction should Answer: not -12cmH2O Question: Major causes of a transudative pleural effusion Answer: Hepatic , Pulmonary embolus, Neprhrotic Syndorme Question: Which type of lung cancer is most with cigarette smoking and carries with it the worst prognosisAnswer: Oat-cell Question: Treatment/management options for those patients with small-cell lung cancer include:Answer: Supportive care, Chemotherapy, therapy Question: Which of the is/are non-small-cell lung cancersAnswer: Squamous carcinoma, Question: Which of the following may be associated with ?Answer: Rhonchi, Dull percussion note, Bronchial breath Question: A spontaneous is secondary to which of the following disordersAnswer: COPD, TB, Question: Respiratory care options for the patient diagnosised with Lung CA include:Answer: O2 therapy, Aersolized medication protocol, Bronchopulmonary hygiene, Lung therapy Question: Common surgical suggested for the patient with NSCLC include:Answer: Lobectomy, pneumonectomy, resection Question: cell carcinomaAnswer: is an undifferntiated form of lung Question: Fill in the blanks: In severe cases of pneumonthorax the great veins can become _______ and cause ________ return to the heart to the heart to__________.Answer: Compressed, venous, Question: Which of the following are considered major pathological or structural changes with bronchogenic carcinomaAnswer: Airway obstruction from blood, mucus or a tumor projecting into a bronchus, Atelectasis, Pleural effusion, and cavity formation Question: Which of the following may be considered small-cell lung Answer: Oat-cell Question: Major pathological or structural of the lungs associated with Kyphoscoliosis includeAnswer: Mediastinal , Atelectasis, Lung compression due to thoracic deformity Question: Select the below that describe the TNM classification systemAnswer: The letter " N" in the TMN represents lymph node involvement, The letter "M" in the TMN system denotes the extent of metastasis, Roman numerals assist in identifying the different stages of cancer with " IV" indicating the most advanced stage Question: the clinical manifestations that can be associated with ILD: Answer: Decreased PEFR, Pitting edema and distended neck , Increased pulmonary shunting, CXR exhibiting cavity formation, granulomas and/or bilateral reticulonodular appearance Question: which of the are used to managed/ treat flail chestAnswer: Routine bronchial hygiene, Oxygen therapy protocol, Medication for pain management, volume controlled ventilation with PEEP to the flail Question: Which of the following normally help to determine the prognosis for a of a fireAnswer: Age of the victim, Duration and extent of smoke exposure, chemical of the smoke being inhaled Question: the cause of Myasthenia Gravis appears to be related to circulating antibodies that disrupt the transmission of Answer: TRUE Question: What is the therapeutic goal of low volume ventilation in ARDSAnswer: barotraumas, reduce overdistention of the lungs Question: A pacemaker is normally recommended for the patient suffering from obstructive sleep apneaAnswer: FALSE Question: Direct thermal injuries do not occur below the level of the larynx execpt in the rare instance of steam inhalationAnswer: Question: The half-life of CO in the breathing room air at 1 atm is approximatelyAnswer: 5 Question: Obstructive sleep apnea to be the most severe in what sleep positionAnswer: supine Question: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is always used for the of CO in the smoke inhalation victimAnswer: Question: Thermal injury occurring to the distal post inhalation of steam results Answer: COP, Question: The thymus gland in many myasthenic appears to be the source of anti-Ach receptor antibodiesAnswer: TRUE Question: Which of the following medications are useful in the treatment of blood pressure and cardiac disturbances for the patient with Guillain-Barre Answer: Nipride, Atropine, Question: Even when diagosed early, patients suffering from Guillain- Barre syndrome have a poor for recoveryAnswer: Question: The diagnosis of sleep apnea is made based on patients who have more than five episodes of apnea per hour. These episodes occur only in non-REM over a 3 hour periodAnswer: FALSE Question: Which of the are considered etiologic factors associated with ARDSAnswer: Drug overdose, , Infections, Oxygen toxicity, Aspiration Question: The airways and alveoli are usually protected from thermal injury by Answer: reflex laryngospasm, glottic Question: The diagnosis of sleep apnea may be by confirmed by polysomnographic sleep studiesAnswer: Question: ARDS is considered an obstructive lung Answer: FALSE Question: The etiology of myasthenia gravis appears to be associated _________ antibodies that block nerve impulse transmission at the neuromuscular junctionAnswer: Question: Select the signs and symptoms that may be associated with obstructive sleep apneaAnswer: Shortness of breath following abrupt awakenings, enuresis, Morning headache, Snoring loudly Question: Treatment for cyanide poisoning may IV sodium thiosulfate and inhalation of amyl nitireAnswer: Question: Serum levels of IgM antibodies against myelin glycolipid have been found to be ________ in the patient with Guillain-Barre syndromeAnswer: Question: Mixed sleep apnea is a combination of central and obstructive sleep apnea and commonly as OSAAnswer: Question: Third spacing fluid shifts associated with body surface can result in intravascular volume loss (hypovolemia)Answer: TRUE Question: The 3 types of sleep apnea are classified as Answer: Obstructive sleep apnea, Mixed sleep apnea I, sleep apnea Question: Chest xray findings with ARDS includeAnswer: Increased opacity and glass appearance Question: CO can greatly reduce oxygen transport because its affinity for hemoglobin is 400 times greater than that of oxygenAnswer: Question: Myasthenia gravis is more in younger menAnswer: Question: Select the appropriate treatment for the patient who has recently inhaled hot gases and exhibits signs of impending Answer: intubation Question: The signs and symptoms of injury associated with smoke inhalation can always be identified immediately, especially when extensive body surface burns are presentAnswer: FALSE Question: Select from the list the major structual or pathologic lungs changes that may be associated with ventilatory failure accompanying myasthenia gravisAnswer: Atelectasis, Airway obstruction, Alveolar consolidation, Accumilation of Question: Most injuries affect the distal airways and alveoliAnswer: FALSE Question: The use of plasmapheresis in treatment of Guillian-Barre is aimed at the removal of damaged antibodies from the patient's blood plasma and has shown to be effective in reducing the antibody titer during early stages of the diseaseAnswer: Question: Which of the following are considered beneficial in managing the with Guillian- Barre syndromeAnswer: Frequent measurement of the patient's VC, BP, and NIF, Heparin therapy, Measurement of the 's oxygen saturation, Plasmapheresis, Aterial blood gas measurement Question: What techniques may be useful in the of myasthenia gravisAnswer: CT and/or MRI, Blood analysis, Electromyography, Evaluating the patient's clinical history, Endrophonium testing, Neurologic Question: Coricosteriod therapy has been shown to be effective in the treatment of Guillain-Barre ayndrome and Answer: False Question: What chronic neurologicval disorder is characterized by the interference of between the axonal terminal and the receptor sites of voluntray muscleAnswer: Graivs Question: Which of the describes obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)Answer: Its cause is an anatomic obsruction of the airway in the presence of continued ventilatory effort Question: The chest radiograph associated with smoke Answer: is usually normal the early stage Question: All of the following are considered major pathological or changes associated with ARDSAnswer: Alveolar consolidation, Atelectasis, Intra-alveolar hyaline formation Question: Which of the following describes the strategy of reducing the volume thereby allowing the patient's PaCO2 to increase in order to protect the lungs from high airway pressuresAnswer: hypercapnia Question: Apnea is defined as the of breathing forAnswer: 10 or longer Question: a burn identified as full thickness of the skin including tissue the skin describes a Answer: 3rd burn Question: Pathologic changes in the distal airways and mainly caused by irritating and toxic gases are commonly associated withAnswer: inhalation Question: Sleep apnea that occurs with the cessation of efforts as the result of the respiratory centers of medulla failing to send signals to the respiratory muscles is known as Answer: Question: The following events may during REM sleepAnswer: Negative pressure generated by the diaphragm produces paradoxical motion of the rib cage, Loss of muscle tone in the upper airway can result in airway obstruction, the heart rate can become Question: Treatment modalities for managing sleep apnea may Answer: UPPP, Nocturnal CPAP used to treat OSA, nerve pacemarker used to treat central sleep apnea Question: The mucosa of the tracheobronchial tree very often becomes necrotic and sloughs ________ post inhalation of smoke Answer: 3-4 Question: Select the clinical finding below that may be associated with -Barre syndromeAnswer: Negative force (NIF) measurement is decreased Question: Correct sequence of events resulting in the of ARDSAnswer: Pulmonary capillaries engorgement post-injury, Increased permeability of the -capillary membrane, Evidence of intra-alveolar edema and hemorrhage, decreased surfactant, Alveolar collapse and atelectasis Question: Which of the are true regarding NON-REM sleep?Answer: Non-REM sleep consists of 4 separate stages of sleep, Non-REM sleep usually lasts 60 to 90 minutes, It is possible for an individual to move directly into REM sleep from any of the 3 of Non-REM sleep Question: A burn identified as to deep thickness describes Answer: a 2nd burn
Question: Which of the following may anti-cholinesterase may be used to help treat myasthenia gravisAnswer: Prostigmin, Pyridostigmine, , Neostingmine Question: During periods of sleep apnea the heart rate ______ then _______ after termination of the apneAnswer: decreases then Question: Which of the following are clinical findings that may be with myasthenia gravisAnswer: Decreased tidal volume, Increased shunting, Decreased DO2 Question: The onset of Guillain-Barre syndrome usually occurs ____________Answer: 1 to 4 weeks a febrile episode such as a mild upper respiratory infection Question: The initial care of the burn patient include assessment of the followingAnswer: Cardiovascular , Respiratory status, Percentage of body burned, Patient's airway Question: Which of the following appear to attack and strip off the myelin sheath of the peripheral and leave selling/fragmentation of the neural axon in Guillain-Barre syndromeAnswer: Lymphocytes and Question: The ventilation strategy for the majority of patients with ARDS suggests the use of Answer: initial tidal volumes of 5 to 7 ml/kg, Ventilatory rates as high as 35bpm in order to adequate minute ventilation, low tidal volumes and high respiratory rates, PEEP and CPAP to reduce atelectasis |
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