ocupation, air, nois Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
NIOSH | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health |
OSHA act | 1970- Department of Labor |
Niosh conducts | research on health effects |
hazard communication standard year and purpose | 1983- MSDS |
records of exposure for employees kept for | 30 years after leaving the job |
normal atmospheric air oxygen percentage | 21% |
minimum amount of o2 to support life | 16% |
3 types of air pollutants are | organic gases, inorganic gases and aerosols |
air pollutant from combustion | nitrogen oxide |
sulfer oxide and particulates lead to more | chronic obstructive lung disease |
Carbon monoxide is a significant problem with | drivers over periods of exposure |
harmful to plants | hydrogen fluoride, sulfur dioxide, smog, ozone and ethylne |
organic gases (examples) | hydrocarbons, paraffins, olefms, aromatics, oxygenated hydrocarbons (aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, acids) |
primary source of hydrocarbons | gasoline as a fuel for motor vehicles |
hydrocarbons and drivitabes react with atmospheric chemicals and produce | effects associated with photochemical smog |
hydrocarbons react with atomic oxygen in presence of sunlight or with ozone to produce | aerosols |
inorganic gases (examples) | oxides of nitrogen, oxides of sulfur, carbon monoxide (also ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, chlorine) |
photochemical smog | nitrogen oxide (NOx) from autos |
NOx refers to | NO and NO2 from autos |
NAAQS (Nat'l Ambient Air Quality Standards) 6 | particulate matter of 10 microns or less (PM10) ozone (o3) lead (Pb) sulfur dioxide (SO2) carbon monoxide (CO) and NO2 |
control of particulate matter | inertial separator (single cyclone, hight efficiency and multiple cyclone) |
single cyclone separator | centrifugal force by directing gas in a circular path |
wet collection devices | spray chambers, cyclone scrubbers and wet filters |
spray chambers | not very efficient, simple scrubbers |
mechanical scrubbers | water spray is generated by rotating drum or disk |
venturi scrubbers | gases passed though tube with low pressure |
wet filter | spray chambers where the particles are colleted on filters and washed off by spray |
baghouse (fabric collector) | series of fabric filters. |
electrical precipitators | use electrostatic fieldby forming gas ions using high voltage corona discharge |
afterburner | most common methods of removing organic and inorganic gases- acheives total combustion |
gas adsorption | uses substance like activated carbon to adsorb gases, liuids or solids |
gas absorption | removes pollutants bydissolving them in a liquid solvent like water, ethanol or benzene- good for removing organic chemicals |
standard for PM10 | 50 micorgrams/m3 |
cfc's persistance and source | remain in stratosphere for 75-110 years - refrigerants, solvents, plastics, aerosol sprays |
natural acidity is caused by | carbon doixide |
high volume (hi-vol) sampling | 40-6- cfm through fiberglass or paper filter for 24 hrs. Filter is weighed before and after and can be analyzed. |
ozone effect on plants | flecks, bleaching, tip burns on conifers |
glazing, silvering, bronzing on underside of leaf is caused from | PAN (peroxyacyl nitrates) |
animals get flouride from air pollution by: | ingesting vegetation |
particles under 3 microns can reach: | lowest part of lung |
primary pollutant | found in atm in same form as it exists |
fugitive emissions | emissions which find their way into ambient air with out being vented through a stack |
ozone formed by | action of sunlight on oxygen (nitrigen oxides and hydrocarbons) |
where are earth's anmosphere and photochemiczl oxidants produced? | troposphere |
turbulence is the wind charachteristic that: | most effectively disperses or diles a cloud or plume of pollutants |
scrubbers are wet collectors used to remove particles that form as a: | fog, mist or dust |
exposure to excessive noise | Noise Induced Permanent Threshold Shift (not reversible) |
Presbycusis | associated with age |
sociacusis | permanent threshold shift due to environmental noise |
A-weighted scale | decibals (dB) are weighted and are (dBA) |
logarithmic increases in sound 3DB increase = | double in sound |
conductive sound | does not enter the auditory canal or inner ear due to blockage (wax, infection, earplugs) |
sensoneural sound | cochlea or auditory nerve damaged, defect, drug interactions, disease, exposure to excessive sound |
temporary thresh hold shift (TTS) | short term exposure to lound noises over 100 dB caused by hair cell fatigue (ringing in ear) |
Permanent Thresh Hold Shift (PTS) | continuous exposure to unsafe sound levels will cause permanent damage |
velocity = | frequency x wavelength |
speed at which sound travels depends on: | compressibility and density of the medium |
Created by:
sanitarianpankey
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