practice terms
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Criterion-referenced | used to determine how well a student has mastered predetermined objectives
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| scaffolding | temporary support mechanism, typically involves some tangible aids for connecting and organizing info when a new subject is introduced
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| constructivist teaching | individualization of instruction. focuses not on what teacher knows but what what and how the student learns
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| cognitive assessments | measure a person's intellectual ability based on performance on verbal, numerical, and abstract reasoning tasks
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| Bruner | contended that learning is an ACTIVE PROCESS in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based on their current and past knowledge. SPIRALING CURRICULUM
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| negative reinforcement | occurs when a particular behavior is caused by the withdrawal of a stimulus
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| diagnostic assessment | used at BEGINNING of a unit to provide the teacher with info regarding students prior knowledge, strengths and weaknesses
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| Kohlberg | theory of moral development
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| affective domain | deals with ideas such as feelings, values, motivations and attitude
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| cognitive domain |
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| psychomotor domain |
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| social learning theory | - modeling
- reciprocal determination
- vicarious learning
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| cognitivism | - schema
- informational processing
- mapping
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| performance assessment | assessment in which students demonstrate their knowledge and skills in a non-written fashion
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| mastery learning | proposes that all students can learn when provided w/the appropriate learning conditions in the classroom
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| direct instruction/explicit teaching | systematic instruction for mastery of basic skills, facts, & info
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| operant conditioning | learning in which voluntary behavior is strengthened or weakened by consequences or antecedents
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| Bruner | the instructor should try to encourage students to construct hypotheses, make decisions, and discover principles by themselves; ss build on what they have already learned; spiral curriculum- teaches big ideas first, details over time later on
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| Dewey | learning is active, should be fun, schooling is unnecessarily long & restrictive; ss should have real, guided experiences; should be involved in real-life tasks & challenges
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| Bandura | social cognitive theory= adds concern with cognitive factors such as beliefs, self-perceptions, & expectations to social learning theory; people learn through observing others' behavior, attitudes, & outcomes
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| Vygotsky | sociocultural theory= emphasize role in development of cooperative dialogues b/c children & more knowledgeable members of society. children learn the culture of their community through these interactions
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| Skinner | behaviorism; behavior is sandwiched b/w two sets of environmental influences: those that precede it (its antecedents) & those that follow it (its consequences)
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| Metacognition | knowledge about our own thinking processes
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| schema | basic structure for organizing info; concepts
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