Chapter 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| The study of diseases that can cause abnormalities in the structure or function of various organ systems | Pathology
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| Sequence of events producing cellular changes that lead to observable changes or manifestations | Pathogenesis
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| The study of the cause of a disease | Etiology
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| Underlying cause is unknown | idiopathic
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| the measurable or objective manifestations of the disease process...can be detected during an examination | Signs
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| Subjective manifestations that are not measurable or observable....experience patient feels and describes | Symptoms
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| A group of signs and symptoms that characterize a specific abnormal disturbance | Syndrome
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| Quick onset and last a short period of time | Acute
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| Manifest more slowly and last a very long time | Chronic
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| Prevalence of a given disease...number of cases found in a given population | Epidemiology
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| Number of new cases found in a given time period | Incidence of disease
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| Number of deaths caused a particular disease averaged over a population | Mortality rate
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| Incidence of sickness sufficient to interfere with an individual's normal daily routine | Morbidity rate
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| An adverse response to medical treatment | Iatrogenic
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| Infections developed at the acute care facility or from the healthcare environment | Nosocomial
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| Contracted outside the healthcare facility | Community acquired
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| Present at birth and resulting from genetic or environmental factors | Congenital and hereditary
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| Caused by a deterioration of the body | Degenerative
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| A disturbance of the normal physiologic function of the body | Metabolic
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| Initial response of body tissue to local injury | Inflammation
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| Produces a thick, yellow fluid | Pyogenic bacteria
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| A localized, usually encapsulated collection of pus | Abscess
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| Material that has escaped from blood vessels and has been deposited in tissues or on tissue surfaces, usually as a result of inflammation | Exudate
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| To pass or ooze through pores interstices, as a fluid | Transudate
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| An accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces or body cavities | Edema
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| An interference with the blood supply to an organ or part of an organ depriving the organ's cells and tissues of oxygen & nutrients | Ischemia
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| Localized area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by occlusion...death of a tissue due to interruption of the normal blood supply | Infarct
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| Rupture of a blood vessel | Hemorrhage
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| Blood is trapped within the body tissue resulting in accumulation | Hematoma
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| Reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ or tissue with a corresponding decrease in function | Atrophy
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| An increase in the size of the cells of a tissue or organ in response to a demand for increased function...generalized increase in cell size | Hypertrophy
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| An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ | Hyperplasia
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| A loss in the uniformity of individual cells...abnormal changes of mature cells (precancerous) | Dysplasia
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| Lack of normal development resulting in a small size or developmental failure resulting in the absence of an organ or tissue | Aplasia
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| Absence of an organ | Agenesis
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| Abnormal proliferation of cells that are no longer controlled | Neoplasia
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| tumors (benign or malignant) | Neoplasms
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| Without form | Anaplastic
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| Closely resemble their cells of origin in structure & function. Does not spread to other sites | Benign Neoplasm
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| Invade and destroy adjacent structures. Spread to distant sites (metastasizes) | Malignant Neoplasm
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| Differences are small, grow slowly, low probability for malignancy | Differentiated Cells
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| Cells exhibit atypical characteristics, rapid growth rate, higher probability | Poorly or Undifferentiated Cells
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| Cancerous cells travel to a distant site or distant organ system | Seeding
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| Major metastatic route for carcinomas especially breast and lung | Lymphatic Spread
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| Cancerous cells invade circulatory system and spread via blood vessels | Hematogenous Spread
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| Assess aggressiveness or degree of malignancy | Grading
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| Refers to the extensiveness of a tumor at its primary site and presence or absence of metastases to lymph nodes and distant organs | Staging
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| A tumor at its site of origin or the place where it started | Primary
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| A tumor that forms as a result of metastases of cancer from the place where it originated from | Secondary
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