Abdomen Review

Abdomen Review	Answer
What are the breathing instruction for an abdominal radiograph?	Suspended expiration
Which body plane is centered to the midline of the IR for an abdominal radiograph?	Midsagittal
Which organ produces bile?	Liver
Which body function does the pancreas perform?	Production of digestive juices
Which organ stores and concentrates bile?	Gallbladder
Which substance activates muscular contraction of the gallbladder?	Cholecystokinin
The spleen is part of which body system?	Lymphatic
In which organ are clusters of islet cells found?	Pancreas
How many major lobes does the liver have?	Two
Which structure forms the mesentery and omenta folds?	Peritoneum
Which organ's blood is supplied by the portal vein?	Liver
Which duct is formed by the merging of the right and left hepatic ducts?	Common hepatic
Which duct is formed by the union of the cystic duct with the common hepatic duct?	Common bile
Where do the pancreatic and common bile ducts terminate?	Duodenum
Which duct connects the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct?	Cystic
Which 3 projections usually comprise the acute adbomen series for ambulatory patients?	Supine KUB, AP upright abdomen, PA chest
Why is it desirable to include the diaphragm in the upright abdominal x-ray?	To demonstrate free air in the abs
Which projection should be used to demonstrate free air within the ab cavity when the patient is unable to stand for an upright ab x-ray?	AP projection, left lateral decubitus position
Which projection does not demonstrate free air levels within the abdomen?	AP projection with the patient supine
What is the major advantage of the PA projection of the abdomen over the AP projection of the abdomen?	PA projection reduces exposure dose to the gonads.
Which x-ray position of the abs requires the patient to be supine with the CR directed to a lateral side of the patient, entering slightly anterior to the MCP?	Dorsal decubitus
For the lateral projection with the patient placed in the dorsal decubitus position, where should the CR enter the patient?	2 inches anterior to the MCP and 2 inches above the level of the iliac crests.
Which structures should be examined to see whether the patient was rotated for a lateral projection of the abdomen?	Pelvis and lumbar vertebrae
Define cholangiography.	The radiographic study of the bilary ducts.
Which of the following is indicated for patients with jaundice and dilated biliary ducts?	PTC
Which of the following is used to detect residual stones in the biliary ducts?	T-tube cholangiography
Air bubbles present in the T-tube during cholangiography can mimic what?	Cholesterol stones
What position is the patient placed in for postoperative cholangiographic images?	RPO
Which of the following is indicated when the biliary ducts are not dilated and the ampulla is not obstructed?	ERCP
Name 5 structures found in the abdominal cavity.	Stomach, Liver, Gallbladder, Spleen, Pancreas, Kidneys
Name the 4 structures found in the pelvic cavity.	Rectum, Bladder, Reproductive organs, Sigmoid of large intestine
The abdominopelvic cavity is enclosed within what?	Peritoneum
What is the outer portion of the peritoneum called?	Parietal Peritoneum
What is the inner portion of the peritoneum called?	Visceral Peritoneum
What is the space between the 2 layers of peritoneum called?	Peritoneal cavity
What is the largest gland in the body?	The liver
What is the function of the spleen?	To produce lymphocytes and to store and remove dead/dying RBCs
What does PTC stand for?	Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography
Which AP abdomen position (supine or upright) is preferred for most initial exams?	Supine
Where is the CR centered for an upright PA abdomen x-ray?	2 inches above the level of the iliac crests
Why is ERCP used?	To diagnose biliary and pancreatic patholgical conditions
How is ERCP performed?	By passing a fiberoptic endoscope orally into the duodenum under fluroscopic control.
For a right or left dorsal decubitus position with a lateral projection, where is the CR directed?	Horizontal and perpendicular to the center of the IR, entering the midcoronal plane 2 inches above the level of the iliac crests.
For the left lateral decubitus position with an AP projection, where is the CR directed?	Horizontal and perpendicular to the midpoint of the IR.
Cholecystography	Study of gallbladder
Cholegraphy	Study of biliary system
What do the pancreas produce?	Insulin, Glucagon
What is the purpose of the portal vein and hepatic artery?	To deliver blood to the liver
Porta hepatis	Hilum of the liver.
Falciform ligament	Divides liver into small left lobe and large right lobe.
Pneumoperitoneum	Presence of air in peritoneal cavity.
Cholelithiasis	Presence of gallstones
Choledocholithiasis	Calculus in common bile duct.
Cholecystitis	Acute or chronic inflammation of gallbladder.
If free air is suspected on a patient, which positions could be performed?	Upright; Left lateral decubitus
What organ occupies most of the right hypochondrium and the epigastrium regions of the abdomen?	The liver
What is formed when the right and left hepatic ducts join together?	The common hepatic duct
What hormone activates muscular contractions of the gallbladder?	Cholecystokinin
What is another name for the ampulla of Vater?	Hepatopancreatic ampulla
The spleen is part of which body system?	Lymphatic
What does deglutition mean?	Swallowing food
What is the name of the main bile duct leading directly from the liver?	Hepatic duct
What is the name of the opening in the proximal end of the stomach?	Cardiac orifice
What is the name of the organ that lies within the duodenal loop?	Pancreas
Which of the following abdominal organs produces and secretes digestive enzymes?	Pancreas
What is the name of the proximal portion of the stomach?	Fundus
Where does the majority of food digestion take place?	Small intestine
What is the name of the duct that transports bile from the gallbladder?	Cystic duct
In the HYPERSTHENIC patient, where does the stomach lie?	High and Horizontal
The gallbladder will be located near the vertebrae in which body habitus type?	Asthenic
What is the name of the flexure that lies between the transverse colon and the descending colon?	Splenic
What is the name of the mucosal folds that are visible when the stomach is empty?	Rugae

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