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Intro. to Pathology
Chapter 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of diseases that can cause abnormalities in the structure or function of various organ systems | Pathology |
| Sequence of events producing cellular changes that lead to observable changes or manifestations | Pathogenesis |
| The study of the cause of a disease | Etiology |
| Underlying cause is unknown | idiopathic |
| the measurable or objective manifestations of the disease process...can be detected during an examination | Signs |
| Subjective manifestations that are not measurable or observable....experience patient feels and describes | Symptoms |
| A group of signs and symptoms that characterize a specific abnormal disturbance | Syndrome |
| Quick onset and last a short period of time | Acute |
| Manifest more slowly and last a very long time | Chronic |
| Prevalence of a given disease...number of cases found in a given population | Epidemiology |
| Number of new cases found in a given time period | Incidence of disease |
| Number of deaths caused a particular disease averaged over a population | Mortality rate |
| Incidence of sickness sufficient to interfere with an individual's normal daily routine | Morbidity rate |
| An adverse response to medical treatment | Iatrogenic |
| Infections developed at the acute care facility or from the healthcare environment | Nosocomial |
| Contracted outside the healthcare facility | Community acquired |
| Present at birth and resulting from genetic or environmental factors | Congenital and hereditary |
| Caused by a deterioration of the body | Degenerative |
| A disturbance of the normal physiologic function of the body | Metabolic |
| Initial response of body tissue to local injury | Inflammation |
| Produces a thick, yellow fluid | Pyogenic bacteria |
| A localized, usually encapsulated collection of pus | Abscess |
| Material that has escaped from blood vessels and has been deposited in tissues or on tissue surfaces, usually as a result of inflammation | Exudate |
| To pass or ooze through pores interstices, as a fluid | Transudate |
| An accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces or body cavities | Edema |
| An interference with the blood supply to an organ or part of an organ depriving the organ's cells and tissues of oxygen & nutrients | Ischemia |
| Localized area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by occlusion...death of a tissue due to interruption of the normal blood supply | Infarct |
| Rupture of a blood vessel | Hemorrhage |
| Blood is trapped within the body tissue resulting in accumulation | Hematoma |
| Reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ or tissue with a corresponding decrease in function | Atrophy |
| An increase in the size of the cells of a tissue or organ in response to a demand for increased function...generalized increase in cell size | Hypertrophy |
| An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ | Hyperplasia |
| A loss in the uniformity of individual cells...abnormal changes of mature cells (precancerous) | Dysplasia |
| Lack of normal development resulting in a small size or developmental failure resulting in the absence of an organ or tissue | Aplasia |
| Absence of an organ | Agenesis |
| Abnormal proliferation of cells that are no longer controlled | Neoplasia |
| tumors (benign or malignant) | Neoplasms |
| Without form | Anaplastic |
| Closely resemble their cells of origin in structure & function. Does not spread to other sites | Benign Neoplasm |
| Invade and destroy adjacent structures. Spread to distant sites (metastasizes) | Malignant Neoplasm |
| Differences are small, grow slowly, low probability for malignancy | Differentiated Cells |
| Cells exhibit atypical characteristics, rapid growth rate, higher probability | Poorly or Undifferentiated Cells |
| Cancerous cells travel to a distant site or distant organ system | Seeding |
| Major metastatic route for carcinomas especially breast and lung | Lymphatic Spread |
| Cancerous cells invade circulatory system and spread via blood vessels | Hematogenous Spread |
| Assess aggressiveness or degree of malignancy | Grading |
| Refers to the extensiveness of a tumor at its primary site and presence or absence of metastases to lymph nodes and distant organs | Staging |
| A tumor at its site of origin or the place where it started | Primary |
| A tumor that forms as a result of metastases of cancer from the place where it originated from | Secondary |
Created by:
scampie87
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