Mid-term Study Guide
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| associative word learning? | children associate pictures or objects with words that are used to describe them
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| two theories of linking meaning and words? | prototype and developmental
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| prototype theory: | taking an original movement or situation and using the describing word of the event to describe a similar motion or situation
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| developmental theory: | first and second tier principles
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| first tier principle of developmental theory: | Words stand for objects, actions, events, etc. (for example: "ball" for throw or field)
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| second tier principle of developmental theory: | Children must use the words that other people use if they are going to communicate successfully.
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| categorical scope (2nd tier): | Similar objects are grouped together. (ex: A dog and cat might both be called "dog")
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| object scope (1st tier): | words refer to whole objects. (ex: dog refers to the whole animal, not the nose or tail individually)
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| First word factoids: | -appear around 12 months
-are usually nouns
-the majority are learned by observation and NOT by direct instruction
-represent the world the child is familiar with
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| Two strategies for learning first words: | social (expressive: greetings, verbs) and things (referential: nouns, names)
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| Semantic categories: | existence, nonexistence, recurrence, rejection, denial, attribution, possession, action, locative action
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| Denial: | “no” to negate the content of a prior utterance
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| Rejection: | “no” to oppose “an action or refuse an object . . .”
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| Recurrence: | “more” to mean “I want another.”
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| Nonexistence: | “no” to mean that an “entity is not present though expected.”
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| Existence: | “here” meaning that the child is indicating that something exists.
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| Attribution: | “hot” to describe a hot surface. Words that describe attributes of persons, objects, etc.
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| Possession: | “mine” spoken while holding an object, as in “mommy” holding up mom’s shoe and meaning this is mom’s shoe.
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| Action: | “open” while opening a box. This category describes actions or movements.
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| Locative action: | “up” while getting out of a chair; action associated with change of location by person or object.
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| Semantic relations | "doggie bed" meaning the dog's bed, or the dog is in bed, or the dog is tired...
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