chapter 5 digestion system
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| Digestion | Mechanical and chemical process that breaks foods down to release nutrients in forms the body can absorb for use.
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| Ptyalin | Enzyme found in saliva
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| Peristalis | muscles of the esophagus contract and relax, creating a series or wavelike movements that force the food into the stomach
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| Gastric juice | acids and enzymes produced by the stomach that help food break down chemically.
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| Enzyme | Specail proteins that help chemical reactions take place.
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| Pepsin | Enzyme produced in the stomach
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| Villi | Little fingerlike projections in the small intestine that absorb nutrients from the chyme mixture.
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| Anemia | When not enough iron in present in the body. characterized by lack of energy, weakness, shortness of breath, and cold hands and feet.
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| Carbohydrates | First nutrients that break down chemically.
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| Fats | concentrated source of energy as well as insulation for the body. contains 9 calories per gram.
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| Malnutrition | Faulty or inadequate nuitrition.
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| Oxidation | when glucose in cells combines with oxygen to produce energy and heat.
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| RDA | (recommended dietary allowances) amount of nutient needed by 98% of the people in a given age or gender group.
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| Basal matabolism | Minimum amount of energy needed to maintain body processes.
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| Chyme | Churned foods in the stomach turn into a thick liquid call;
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| Metabolism | using nutrients in chemical reactions that provide energy for vital processes and activities in the body.
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| Pancreas | Organ that gets worn out and fails to secrete enough juice when we consume too many carbs or sugary foods.
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| Calorie | Amount of energy needed to raise the temp of 1 kilogram of water 1 degree Celsius.
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| Glucose | sugar your body makes from foods that is transferred throughout your body by your blood stream.
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| Glycogen | the storage from glucose.
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| Vitamins | needed in small amounts and help regulated many vital processes.
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| Minerals | these help the body work properly.
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| Salivary glands | Secrete saliva into the mouth for digestion.
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| Esophagus | Tube that connects your mouth to your stomach and acts as a tunnel for food to travel and digest.
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| Liver | produces bile that is used in digestion.
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| Gallbladder | Stores bile.
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| Trachea | windpipe.
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| Cardiac sphincter | small flap at the end of the esophagus acting as a door to let in foods to the stomach and not foreign objects.
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| Small intestine | food travels here after the stomach. absorbs nutrients with its villi.
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| Large intestine | Food moves here after traveling through the small intestine. extracts wastes.
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| Automatic process | processes in the body in which happen by itself.
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| Mechanical digestion. | chewing is a form of;
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| Chemical digestion | stomach turning food into chyme is a form of;
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