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digestion terms

chapter 5 digestion system

QuestionAnswer
Digestion Mechanical and chemical process that breaks foods down to release nutrients in forms the body can absorb for use.
Ptyalin Enzyme found in saliva
Peristalis muscles of the esophagus contract and relax, creating a series or wavelike movements that force the food into the stomach
Gastric juice acids and enzymes produced by the stomach that help food break down chemically.
Enzyme Specail proteins that help chemical reactions take place.
Pepsin Enzyme produced in the stomach
Villi Little fingerlike projections in the small intestine that absorb nutrients from the chyme mixture.
Anemia When not enough iron in present in the body. characterized by lack of energy, weakness, shortness of breath, and cold hands and feet.
Carbohydrates First nutrients that break down chemically.
Fats concentrated source of energy as well as insulation for the body. contains 9 calories per gram.
Malnutrition Faulty or inadequate nuitrition.
Oxidation when glucose in cells combines with oxygen to produce energy and heat.
RDA (recommended dietary allowances) amount of nutient needed by 98% of the people in a given age or gender group.
Basal matabolism Minimum amount of energy needed to maintain body processes.
Chyme Churned foods in the stomach turn into a thick liquid call;
Metabolism using nutrients in chemical reactions that provide energy for vital processes and activities in the body.
Pancreas Organ that gets worn out and fails to secrete enough juice when we consume too many carbs or sugary foods.
Calorie Amount of energy needed to raise the temp of 1 kilogram of water 1 degree Celsius.
Glucose sugar your body makes from foods that is transferred throughout your body by your blood stream.
Glycogen the storage from glucose.
Vitamins needed in small amounts and help regulated many vital processes.
Minerals these help the body work properly.
Salivary glands Secrete saliva into the mouth for digestion.
Esophagus Tube that connects your mouth to your stomach and acts as a tunnel for food to travel and digest.
Liver produces bile that is used in digestion.
Gallbladder Stores bile.
Trachea windpipe.
Cardiac sphincter small flap at the end of the esophagus acting as a door to let in foods to the stomach and not foreign objects.
Small intestine food travels here after the stomach. absorbs nutrients with its villi.
Large intestine Food moves here after traveling through the small intestine. extracts wastes.
Automatic process processes in the body in which happen by itself.
Mechanical digestion. chewing is a form of;
Chemical digestion stomach turning food into chyme is a form of;
Created by: chino2012
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