Digestion System
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| The digestive system is also known as | gastrointestinal (GI) system
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| or/o or smomat/o mean | oral cavity
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| Digestion begins where | oral cavity
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| Digestion is | the break down of food into small liquids
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| oral means | pertaining to the oral cavity
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| herpetic stomatitis | inflammation of the oral cavity caused by the herpes simplex 1 virus also know as a cold sore or fever blisters
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| buccal | pertaining to a cheek
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| gloss/o or lingu/o means | tongue
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| glossectomy | surgical removal of the tongue
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| sublingual | pertaining to under the tongue aka hypoglossal
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| chemical digestion includes the secretion of | saliva HCl stands for hydrochloric acid. HCl is found in the stomach.
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| gingivitis | inflammation of the gingivae (gums)
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| Palat/o means | hard and soft palate
the hard and soft palate are located at the roof of the oral cavity.
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| palato plasy | surgical repair of the palate.
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| pharyng/o means | pharynx (throat)
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| pharyngitis | inflammation of the pharynx
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| esophagus is the tube connecting to the | pharynx and the stomach
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| esophogotomy | surgical incision of the esophagus
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| gastroectomy | surgical removal of the stomach
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| duoden/o | duodenum is the first section of the small intestine (small bowel)
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| espohagogastroduodenoscopy EGD | viewing the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum with a lighted instrument.
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| jejun/o | jejunum is the second section of the small intestine (small bowel)
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| jejunojejuno anostomosis | a joining of anesection of the jejunum to another section of the jejunum.
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| ile/o | ileum is the third section of the small intestine (small bowel)
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| ileostomy | a new or artifical opening into the ilem
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| enter/0 | small intestine or small bowel
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| dysentery | a condition of painful small intestine
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| cec/o | cecum is the first section of the large intestine (large bowel)
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| ileocecal | pertaining to the ileum and the cecum
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| append/o and appendic/o | appendix is a finger like projection off of the cecum
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| appendix is located where | right lower quadrant
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| appendectomy | surgical removal of the appendix
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| appendicitis | inflammation of the appendix
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| the asending colon | is the second section of the large intestine
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| the transverse colon | is the third section of the large intestine
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| the descending colon | is the fourth section of the large intestine
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| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon id the fifth section of the large intestine
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| sigmoidoscopy | viewing the sigmoid colon with a lighted instrument
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| rect/o | rectum is the sixth section of the large intestine
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| rectocele | a herniation of the rectum
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| an/o | anus is the last section of the large intestine
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| anoplasty | surgical repair of the anus
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| prot/o | anus and rectum
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| proctologist | a specialist in the study of the anus and rectum
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| col/o colon/o | colon or large bowel or large intestine
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| colistis | inflammation of the colon
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| colonoscopy | viewing the colon with a lighted instrument.
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| hemat/o | liver
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| The liver is located in the | Right upper quadrant RUG
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| The liver is made up of sections called | lobes
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| The liver is responsible for creating | bile
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| Bile is | secreated by the liver and stored in the gall bladder.
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| The function of bile is to | emulsify (emulsification) Emulsify means to break up fats.
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| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver
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| chole | bile or gall (way to remember it) (by golly)
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| cholecyst/o | gall bladder
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| The gall bladder is responsible for | storing the bile
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| The gall bladder is located | inferior to the liver (below the liver)
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| laparoscopic cholecystectomy | surgical removal of the gall bladder using a lighted instrument inserted through an opening in the abdomen.
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| pancreat/o | pancrease
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| The pancreas is located | posterior to the stomach (retro gastric) behind the stomach
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| pancreas creates | enzymes that will aid in chemical digestion.
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| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancrease
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| choledoch/o | common bile duct
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| A duct is | a vessel
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| choledocholithotripsy | crushing a stone in a bile duct.
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| peritone/o or abdomin/o or lapar/o means | abdomen
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| pertionitis | inflammation of the abdomen
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| abdominal | pertaining to the abdomen
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| laparoscope | a lighted instrument to view the abdomen
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| diverticul/o | diverticulum(a) pural with adding the a
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| Diverticula are | blister like lesions found in the large bowel
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| diverticulosis | abnormal condition of diverticula
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| diverticulitis | inflammation of the diverticula
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| polyp/o | polyp
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| polyp is | a premalignant lesion that can be found in the large bowel.
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| polypectomy | surgical removal of a polyp.
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| cholangioma | tumor or mass of a bile vessel
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| cholecystitis | inflammation of the gall bladder
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| choledocholithiosis | abnormal condition of stone(s) in a bile duct
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| cholelithiasis | abnormal condition of a gall stone(s)
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| gastritis | inflammation of the stomach
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| gastroenteritis | inflammation of the stomach and the small intestine.
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| gastroenterocolitis | inflammation of the stomach small intestine and colon.
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| hepatoma | tumor or mass of the liver
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| palatitis | inflammation of a palate
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| polyposis | abnormal condition of polyp(s)
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| proctoptosis | drooping or sagging of the anus and rectum aka prolapse of the anus and rectum
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| abdominoplasy | surgical repair of the abdomen
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| adhesion | tissue sticking together that should not be sticking together.
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| GERD | GastroEspophagal Refllux Diease
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| Reflux means | regurgitation
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| ulcerative colitis | inflammation of the colon and the presence of ulcers
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| choledocholithotomy | surgical incision of a bile to removal a stone which would be called a choledocholithectomy
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| colectomy | surgical removal of the colon
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| colostomy | a new opening or artifical opening in to the colon
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| stoma means | a new or artifical opening
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| diverticulectomy | surgical removal of a dicerticulum
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| enterorrhaphy | suturing of the small intestine (bowel)
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| esophagogastroplasty | surgical repair of the esophagus and stomach
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| gastrojejunostomy(stoma) | a new or artifical opening of the stomach
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| gingivectomy | surgical removal of a gingiva
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| glossorrhapy | suturing of the tongue
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| lapareotomy | surgical incision of the abdomen
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| cholangiogram | a record of a bile vessel
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| cholecystogram | a record of the gall bladder aka GB series
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| endoscope | a lighted instrument to view within
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| esophagoscope | a lighted instrument to view the espohagus
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| espophagoscopy | the proess of viewing the espophagus with a lighted instrument
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| gastroscope | a lighted instrument to view the stomach
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| gastroscopy | the process of viewing the stomach with a lighted instrument
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| proctoscope | a lighted instrument to view the anus and rectum
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| proctoscopy | the process of viewing the anus and rectum with a lighted instrument
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| sigmoidoscope | a lighted instrument to view the sigmoid colon.
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| aphagia(g-gag) | a condition of no swallowing
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| bradypepsia | a condition of slow digestion
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| abdominocentesis | surgical puncture of the abdomen
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| dyspepsia (dyspepsic) | a condition of difficult digestion
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| dysphagia (g-gag) | a condition of difficult of painful swallowing
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| dysphasia(s-speech) | a condition of difficult speech
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| gastrodynia | a condition of stomach pain
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| gastroenterologist | a specialist in the study of the stomach and small intestine.
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| gastromalacia | a condition of softening of the stomach
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| glossopathy | disease condition of the tongue
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| nasogastric | pertaining to the nose and stomach
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| pancreatic | pertaining to the pancreas
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| peritoneal ( the captain and...) | pertaining to the peritoneum (abdomen)
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| proctosigmoidoscopy | a process of viewing the anus, rectum, and sigmoid colon with a lighted instrument.
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| stomatogastric | pertaining to the oral cavity and stomach
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| hern/o | hernia
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| hernia is | a protrusion of an organ through the muscular wall in which it is contained
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| hernoirrhaphy | suturing of a hernia
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| hiatal hernia | herniation of the stomach through the diaphram
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| sphincter | a ring of muscles that opens and closes
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| inguinal hernia | herniation of the intestine into the scrotum
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| unbilical hernia | herniation of the intestine through the abdominal wall at the umbilicus aka the belly button
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| strangulated hernia | the hernia occludes the blood supply to the protruding tissue
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| anorexia (anorexic) | a condition of no appetite
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| ulcer | an erosion (wear away) of the skin and mucous membrane
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| ileus | a bowel obstruction
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| Upper GI Series (UGI) means | barium swallow
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| Lower GI Series means | barium enema BaE or BE
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| Barium is a | radiopaque (contrast) material
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| radiopaque | (contrast) material will illuminate when exposed to x-rays
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| endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) | process of recording the bile ducts and pancreatic ducts using x-rays and a lighted instrument.
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| resection | excision
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| espophageal artesia | a congenital closure of the espophagus
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| endoscopic ultra sound (EUS) | process of recording the GI tract using sound and a lighted instrument
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| Hemoccult, Hema-check, colo-rect, hematest, seracult, or guaiac mean | a test for occult blood in the stool
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| occult means | hidden blood that cannot seen with the naked eye
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| stool | semi solid waste expelled through the anus
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| another medical term of stool is | fessies
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| the act of exspelling feces from the body is called | defecation or BM (Bowel Movement)
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| a normal BM is | Brown and formed like a baby ruth candy bar
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| impaction | an acccumulation of feces in the bowel
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| ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
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| diarrhea | loose watery stools
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| constipation | difficult defecation (drink more water to help)
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| obstipation | constipation caused by a bowel obstruction (ileus)
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| flatus or flatulence | gas expelled through the anus
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| gastric lavvage | washing out the stomach aka pumping out the stomach
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| gavage | process of feeding a person through a nasogastric (NG) tube aka feeding tube.
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| emesis(emetic) | pertaining to vomit(ing)
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| hemoptysis | expectorating blood
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| postprandial | pertaining to after meals
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| peforation(perforate) | to stretch out or inflate
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| Jaundice | a yellowish orangish discoloration of the skin and or sclera aka icterus (icteric)
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| Jaundic (icterus) | is caused by a distruction of erythrocytes called hemolysis
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| Dead, broken up erythrocytes are called | bilirubin
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| hyperbilirubinemia | a blood condition of excessive bilirubin
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| peristalsis (peristaltic) | pertaining to a wave like action of the bowels that propels the undigested food through the GI tract
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| borborygmos | the groaning and gurgling sounds made during peristalic a activity
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| colic | painful spasms of the GI tract
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| Halitosis | bad breath
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| eructation (eructate) | belching or burping
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| melena (melanotic) | pertaining to black, tarry, pungent stools indicative of blood in the fecal matter
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| pungent | a very strong aroma
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| Dental caries | extreme dental (tooth) decay
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| hepatomegaly | enlargement of the liver
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| cirrhosis | a chronic degeneration of liver cells
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| absorb (absorption) | movement of nutrients into the blood stream
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| enzymes | chemical catalysts
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| chemical catalysts are | chemicals that causes a reaction to occur
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| N+V | nausea and vomitiong
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| BS | Blood Sugar or bowel sounds or breath sounds
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| IBD | inflammation bowel disease
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| Peg | percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
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| TPN | total parenteral nutrition aka hyperalimentation (hyperal)
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| O+P | Ova(eggs) and parasites(worms)
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| PUD | peptic ulcer disease
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| LFT's | liver function tests
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| LFT's include | 1. SGOT aka AST 2. SGPT aka ALT 3. ALKaline phosphatase (ALK. Phos)
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| SL | sublingual
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| AC | before meals
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| DX | diagnosis
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| P.C. | after meals
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| PO | by mouth
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| NPO | nothing by mouth
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| QD ORQD | everyday
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| BID | twice a day
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| TID | three times a day
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| QID | four times a day
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| QOD | every other day
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| q | every
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| qh | every hour
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| q 2 h | every two hours
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| a | before
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| p | after
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| c | with
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| s | without
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