Ch. 9 Carboxylic Acids
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
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| dimers | pairs of molecules connected by two hydrogen bonds
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| what makes carboxylic acids acidic | the resonance structure stabilization of the carboxylate anion (the conjugate base)
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| alpha and beta carbons | alpha carbon is first carbon attached to a functional group, beta is the second
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| what can carboxylic acids and esters only be reduced by | LiAlH4, and not the less reaction HaBH4
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| how are esters formed | react carboxylic acids with alcohols under acidic conditions. Condensation reaction so water is produced
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| what determines stability | periodic trends (electronegativity, and thus induction), size of the anion (HF is weaker acid than HI), resonance
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| how can acidity of carboxylic acids be enhanced | by substituents that delocalize the negative charge through resonance or with electron withdrawing groups such as halides
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| how are carboxylic acids formed | primary alcohols or aldehydes can be oxidized too, synthesized from the carbonation of organometalic reagents or hydrolyzing nitriles
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