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Praxis II PLT Theorists and Theories

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Question
Answer
Concepts Taught
Jerome Bruner   Constructivism and Discovery Learning Theory   A theory that focuses on the students ability to construct new ideas based on previous knowledge. They can then use this knowledge to discover information. Spiraling education.  
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John Dewey   Learn through experience   The idea that students should be taught how to think and become active learners. This theory also believes that teachers and students need more academic autonomy in the classroom.  
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Erik Erikson   Eight Stages of Human Development (based on a conflict that must be resolved)   1) Infancy/Trust 2) Toddler/Autonomy.doubt 3) Early Childhood/Initiative.guilt 4) Elementary/Competence 5) Adolescence/Identity 6) Young Adult/Intimacy 7) Middle Adult/Generativity 8) Late Adult/Integrity  
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Lawrence Kohlberg   Moral Development   Developed a theory that includes six stages of moral development including pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional  
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Abraham Maslow   Hierarchy of needs   1) Physiological 2) Safety 3) Love 4) Esteem 5) Self-actualization  
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Maria Montessori   Follow the child   The Learning process involves three stages: 1) Learn about a concept 2) Process the concept through exploration and practice 3) Knowledge including ability to teach the concept.  
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Jean Piaget   Stages of Cognitive Development   1) Sensorimotor 2) Pre-operational 3) Concrete operational 4) Formal Operational  
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B.F. Skinner   Operant Conditioning   Stimulus response  
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Lev Vygotsky   Zone of Proximal Development   Learning that takes place at or just higher (with help) than independence learning could.  
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Howard Gardner   Multiple Intelligences   Students have basic intelligences they use to learn including verbal, mathematical, visual, kenesthetic, musical, intrapersonal (inner-emotional), interpersonal (social), and natural.  
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Nitza Hidalgo   Levels of Culture   Concrete, Behavioral, Symbolic  
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Luis Mull   Funds of Knowledge   The unknown resources of knowledge within a community that the school/teacher may be unaware of.  
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Albert Bandura   Social Learning Theory   Theorist found that children learn by observing others through modeling or viewing others' experiences.  
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