Pharmacology Definitions
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| Ampule | small sealed glass container that holds a single dose of parenteral solution in a sterile condition
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| Analgesic | drug that relieves pain without causing a loss of consciousness
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| Anaphylaxis | condition of shock caused by hypersensitivity to a drug or other substance that results in life-threatening respiratory distress and vascular collapse
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| Anesthetic | drug that produces a loss of feeling or sensation
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| Angina Pectoris | severe constricting pain in the chest, often radiating to the shoulder and down the arm, caused by ischemia (obstruction of blood supply) of the heart muscle usually caused by coronary disease
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| Anticholinergic | drug that blocks the passage of impulses through the parasympathetic nerves
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| Arrhythmia | any variation from the normal rhythm of the heartbeat
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| Atherosclerosis | condition in which thickening of the wall of a blood vessel occurs caused by the deposit of plaque (atheroma)
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| Bolus | concentrated mass of pharmaceutical preparation
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| Bronchodilator | drug that causes expansion of the lumina of the air passages of the lungs
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| Coagulation | process of clot formation
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| Contraindication | any condition that renders the administration of some drug or some particular line of treatment improper or undesirable
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| Diabetes Mellitus | primarily a disorder of carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism secondary to insufficient secretion of insulin or insulin resistance
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| Diabetic Gastroparesis | form of nerve damage that affects the stomach; food does not move through the stomach in a normal way, resulting in vomiting, nausea, or bloating
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| Diuretic | drug that promotes the excretion of urine
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| Drug | any substance that, when taken into a living organism, may modify one or more of its functions
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| Edema | presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the tissues of the body
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| Extravasation | discharge or escape of fluid from a vessel into the surrounding tissue that can cause localized vasoconstriction, resulting in sloughing of tissue and tissue necrosis if not reversed with an antidote
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| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) | inflammation of the lower esophagus from regurgitation of acid gastric contents; symptoms include heartburn
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| Generic Name | drug name that is usually descriptive of its chemical structure but is not protected as is a trademark
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| Hematoma | localized collection of blood in the tissue wall resulting from a break in the wall of the blood vessel
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| Hyperlipidemia | elevations of plasma lipid concentration
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| Hypertension | persistently high arterial blood pressure, usually exceeding 140 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic
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| Idiosyncratic Reaction | unusual response to a drug that is peculiar to the individual
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| Infiltration | diffusion of fluid into a tissue; often used interchangeably with extravasation
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| Intramuscular | within the muscle tissue
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| Intravenous | within a vein
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| Laxative | agent that promotes evacuation of the bowel
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| Metabolic Acidosis | condition resulting from accumulation of acid or depletion of alkaline reserves (bicarbonate in the blood and body tissues)
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| Microorganism | microscopic organism such as a bacterium or a virus that is too small to be seen without a microscope
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| Opioid | any drug, natural or synthetic, that has activity similar to those of morphine
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| Parenteral | not through the gastrointestinal tract but by injection through some other route
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| Peristalsis | waves of contraction that propel contents through the gastrointestinal tract
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| Pharmacokinetics | study of the metabolism and action of drugs with particular emphasis on the time required for absorption, duration of action, distribution in the body, and method of excretion
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| Pharmacist | person who is licensed to prepare and dispense drugs
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| Pharmacology | study of drugs and their origin, nature, properties, and effects on living organisms
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| Physical Dependence | state of adaptation exhibited by a withdrawal syndrome specific to a class of drugs and that may be produced by abrupt cessation, rapid dose reduction, or adminstration of an antagonist
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| Schizophrenia | chronic mental disorder characterized by periods of withdrawn or bizarre behavior
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| Shock | condition characterized by profound hypotension and reduced tissue perfusion
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| Side Effect | consequence other than the one for which a drug is used
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| Subcutaneous | beneath the skin
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| Sublingual | beneath the tongue
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| Therapeutic | pertaining to the art of healing
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| Thromboembolic Disorders | conditions involving the partial or complete obstruction of a blood vessel
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| Tolerance | state of adaptation in response to drug exposure that results in a decrease of one or more of the drug's effects over time
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| Topical | applied to a certain area of the skin and affecting only the area to which it is applied
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| Transdermal | entering through the skin
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| Vasoconstrictor | drug that causes constriction of the blood vessels
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| Vasodilator | drug that causes dilatation of the blood vessels
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| Venipuncture | puncture of a vein
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| Vial | small glass bottle containing multiple doses of a drug
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