WVSOM -- Immuno/Micro -- Summary of Major Players
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| Bone marrow | primary site of hematopoiesis; site of B-cell development; site of antibody production
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| Thymus | site of T-cell selection adn development
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| spleen | secondary lympoid tissue; site of antigen recognition and lymphocyte clone proliferation; site of antibody production
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| lymph nodes | secondary lymphoid tissue; site of antigen recognition and lymphocyte clone proliferation; site of antibody production
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| mucosal lymphatic tissue | secondary lymphoid tissue; site of antigen recognition and lymphocyte clone proliferation; site of antibody production
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| T Cells | serve as helper, regulator, killer cells
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| B cells | antibody producting cells (aka plasma cells); also act as anti-gen presenting cells
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| NK cells | natural killer cells that kill tumor cells and virus-infected cells
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| Antigen-presenting cells | present antigenic peptides for T-cell recognition; Dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells
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| Dendritic cells | ubiquitous in tissues and organs; primary APC for naive T-cells
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| macrophages | derived from blood monocytes; highly phagocytic; APC
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| Neutrophils | most abundant leukocyte in blood; phagocytic; primary cell in acute inflammation
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| Eosinophil | normally <3% of blood leukocytes; often increased in allergy and parasitic worm infections
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| mast cells | tissue-resident; release histamine and other pro-inflammatory mediators
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| Major Histocompatibility complex (MHC) | Class I and II molecules; identify "self"; differences in these molecules lead to transplanted organ rejection; primary role is to display antigenic peptides for T-cell recognition
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| CD molecules | A nomenclature system for mainly cell surface proteins that may help classify cell subsets; e.g. CD4 protein identifies helper T cells
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| Cell Adhesion molecules (CAM) e.g. integrins | cell surface molecules that facilitate cell-to-cell signaling; they also play a major role in determining cellular movement and migration
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| receptors | cell-surface glycoproteins that bind specific ligands; e.g., the T-cell receptor which binds specifically to an antigenic peptide; there are also Fc receptors, complement receptors, etc.
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| Antibody | glycoproteins produced by B-cells that bind to antigen; IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM
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| cytokines | small communication molecules that go between cells
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| complement | plasma proteins that act as opsonins, facilitate inflammation and lysis target microbes
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| What are the soluble factors? | antibodies, cytokines and complement
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| What are teh cell-surface protiens? | MHC, CD molecules, CAM, and receptors
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| What are teh different cell types? | lymphocytes, APC, Neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells
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| What are the 3 types of lymphocytes? | T cells, B cells and NK cells
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| What are the 5 organs? | bone marrow, thymus, spleen lymph nodes and mucosal lymphatic tissue
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| CD1 | present non-peptide antigens (lipid and glycolipid to some T cells)from dendritic cells and thymocytes
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| CD 2 | Adhesion molecules that binds CD 58 on T cells, thymocytes and NK cells
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| CD3 | Expressed on T cells and thymocytes. Signal transduction by the TCR
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| CD4 | Expressed on T-cell subset, monocytes, Macs. Signals and adheres coreceptors that binds to class II MHC
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| CD8 | expresed by T-cell subset and thymocytes; signaling and adhesion
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| CD 10 | expressed by immature and some mature B-cells; metalloproteinase
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| CD14 | Expressed by monocytes and MACs; binds LPS + LPS-binding protein, Mac activation
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| CD16a | Expressed by NK cells, macs, and mast cells; immune-complex-induced cellular activation; ADCC
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| CD19 | Expressed by most B cells; b cell activation; co-recepotr with CD21 and CD 81
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| CD20 | expressed by all B cells; activates C++ channel and other things unknown
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| CD 21 | Expressed by mature B cells, EDC; receptor for C3d; part of co-receptor with CD19 and CD 81
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| CD 25 | expressed by activated T cells and B cells; It is an IL-2 receptor alpha chain
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| CD28 | expressed by T cells; binds B7-1 and B7-2 as co-stimulator
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| CD34 | Expressed by hematopoietic stem cells; helps with adhesion adn binds to CD62L
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| CD40 | Expressed by B cells, MACs, Dc and endothelium; binds CD40L on T cells to provide T-cell help; Mac activation
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| CD80 | aka B7-1; On APC, binds to CD28 to turn T-cells ON
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| CD86 | aka B7-2;on APC binds to CD 28 to turn T-Cell ON
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| CD152 | aka CTLA-4; on APC binds to CD28 to turn T cells off
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| CD154 | aka CD40 ligand; On T-cell binds to B-cell CD40
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| Histamine | Vasodilate, increase mucus
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| Prostiglandins | vasodilate, increase permeability
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| Leukotrienes | Increase mucus, bronchoconstrict
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| Chemokines | Attract cells to site
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| Platelet activating factor | Chemotaxis, activate PMN (granulocytes)
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| Enzymatic mediators | cell movement, damage and repair of tissue
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| C3a, C4a | increase vasodilation, increase permeability, anaphylatoxin, phaocyte recruitment
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| C5a | increase vasodilation and permeability. Anaphylatoxin, chemotactic factor, phagocyte recruitment
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| Erythropoietin | erytrhocytes
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| TNF | triggers apoptosis, increase CAM fever and cytokines
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| IL-1 | fever, activate endothelium (attract neutrophils)
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| IL-2 | T-cell growth, T%B proliferation, NK proliferation
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| IL-3 | Growth of early hematopoietic progenitor cells
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| IL-4 | made by TH2; B Cell proliferation; IgE production
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| IL-5 | made by TH2 and mast; b cell growth, Antibody secretion, eosinophil activation
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| IL-6 | Fever, acute phase response
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| IL-8 | chemotaxis (recruit neutrophils)
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| IL-10 | made by macrophages and TH2; inhibits macrophage and dendritic cells
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| IL-12 | made by macrophages and dendrites; differentiation of t-cells, increase NK toxins, antiangiogenic, stimulates INF-gamma, TH1 production
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| IL-17 | induces inflammatory cytokines and PMN recruitment
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| INF-alpha | Type I; antiviral
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| INF-beta | Type I; antiviral
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| INF-gamma | type II; macrophage and NK activation, IgG, B and MHC production
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| G-CSF | Stimulates granulocyte adn stem cells
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| M-CSF | stimulates monocytes and macrophages
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| GM-CSF | stimulates granulocytes and monocytes
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| TGF-beta | inhibitory of macrophage T/B; anti-inflammatory, IgA
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| IgM | Complement Activation
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| IgG | Fc receptor-dependent phagocyte responses; complement activation; neonatal immunity (placental transfer)
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| IgE | Immunity against parasites. Environmental allergens. mast cell degranulation (immediate hypersensitivity)
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| IgA | mucosal immunity (transport of IgA thru epithelia
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| immunoglobulin which is passed thru the placenta | IgG 1,2,3 & 4
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| What are chemokines | cause cells to move in a certain direction
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| IL-13 | made by TH2; B Cell proliferation; IgE production
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Created by:
tjamrose
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