click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Major Players
WVSOM -- Immuno/Micro -- Summary of Major Players
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Bone marrow | primary site of hematopoiesis; site of B-cell development; site of antibody production |
Thymus | site of T-cell selection adn development |
spleen | secondary lympoid tissue; site of antigen recognition and lymphocyte clone proliferation; site of antibody production |
lymph nodes | secondary lymphoid tissue; site of antigen recognition and lymphocyte clone proliferation; site of antibody production |
mucosal lymphatic tissue | secondary lymphoid tissue; site of antigen recognition and lymphocyte clone proliferation; site of antibody production |
T Cells | serve as helper, regulator, killer cells |
B cells | antibody producting cells (aka plasma cells); also act as anti-gen presenting cells |
NK cells | natural killer cells that kill tumor cells and virus-infected cells |
Antigen-presenting cells | present antigenic peptides for T-cell recognition; Dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells |
Dendritic cells | ubiquitous in tissues and organs; primary APC for naive T-cells |
macrophages | derived from blood monocytes; highly phagocytic; APC |
Neutrophils | most abundant leukocyte in blood; phagocytic; primary cell in acute inflammation |
Eosinophil | normally <3% of blood leukocytes; often increased in allergy and parasitic worm infections |
mast cells | tissue-resident; release histamine and other pro-inflammatory mediators |
Major Histocompatibility complex (MHC) | Class I and II molecules; identify "self"; differences in these molecules lead to transplanted organ rejection; primary role is to display antigenic peptides for T-cell recognition |
CD molecules | A nomenclature system for mainly cell surface proteins that may help classify cell subsets; e.g. CD4 protein identifies helper T cells |
Cell Adhesion molecules (CAM) e.g. integrins | cell surface molecules that facilitate cell-to-cell signaling; they also play a major role in determining cellular movement and migration |
receptors | cell-surface glycoproteins that bind specific ligands; e.g., the T-cell receptor which binds specifically to an antigenic peptide; there are also Fc receptors, complement receptors, etc. |
Antibody | glycoproteins produced by B-cells that bind to antigen; IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM |
cytokines | small communication molecules that go between cells |
complement | plasma proteins that act as opsonins, facilitate inflammation and lysis target microbes |
What are the soluble factors? | antibodies, cytokines and complement |
What are teh cell-surface protiens? | MHC, CD molecules, CAM, and receptors |
What are teh different cell types? | lymphocytes, APC, Neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells |
What are the 3 types of lymphocytes? | T cells, B cells and NK cells |
What are the 5 organs? | bone marrow, thymus, spleen lymph nodes and mucosal lymphatic tissue |
CD1 | present non-peptide antigens (lipid and glycolipid to some T cells)from dendritic cells and thymocytes |
CD 2 | Adhesion molecules that binds CD 58 on T cells, thymocytes and NK cells |
CD3 | Expressed on T cells and thymocytes. Signal transduction by the TCR |
CD4 | Expressed on T-cell subset, monocytes, Macs. Signals and adheres coreceptors that binds to class II MHC |
CD8 | expresed by T-cell subset and thymocytes; signaling and adhesion |
CD 10 | expressed by immature and some mature B-cells; metalloproteinase |
CD14 | Expressed by monocytes and MACs; binds LPS + LPS-binding protein, Mac activation |
CD16a | Expressed by NK cells, macs, and mast cells; immune-complex-induced cellular activation; ADCC |
CD19 | Expressed by most B cells; b cell activation; co-recepotr with CD21 and CD 81 |
CD20 | expressed by all B cells; activates C++ channel and other things unknown |
CD 21 | Expressed by mature B cells, EDC; receptor for C3d; part of co-receptor with CD19 and CD 81 |
CD 25 | expressed by activated T cells and B cells; It is an IL-2 receptor alpha chain |
CD28 | expressed by T cells; binds B7-1 and B7-2 as co-stimulator |
CD34 | Expressed by hematopoietic stem cells; helps with adhesion adn binds to CD62L |
CD40 | Expressed by B cells, MACs, Dc and endothelium; binds CD40L on T cells to provide T-cell help; Mac activation |
CD80 | aka B7-1; On APC, binds to CD28 to turn T-cells ON |
CD86 | aka B7-2;on APC binds to CD 28 to turn T-Cell ON |
CD152 | aka CTLA-4; on APC binds to CD28 to turn T cells off |
CD154 | aka CD40 ligand; On T-cell binds to B-cell CD40 |
Histamine | Vasodilate, increase mucus |
Prostiglandins | vasodilate, increase permeability |
Leukotrienes | Increase mucus, bronchoconstrict |
Chemokines | Attract cells to site |
Platelet activating factor | Chemotaxis, activate PMN (granulocytes) |
Enzymatic mediators | cell movement, damage and repair of tissue |
C3a, C4a | increase vasodilation, increase permeability, anaphylatoxin, phaocyte recruitment |
C5a | increase vasodilation and permeability. Anaphylatoxin, chemotactic factor, phagocyte recruitment |
Erythropoietin | erytrhocytes |
TNF | triggers apoptosis, increase CAM fever and cytokines |
IL-1 | fever, activate endothelium (attract neutrophils) |
IL-2 | T-cell growth, T%B proliferation, NK proliferation |
IL-3 | Growth of early hematopoietic progenitor cells |
IL-4 | made by TH2; B Cell proliferation; IgE production |
IL-5 | made by TH2 and mast; b cell growth, Antibody secretion, eosinophil activation |
IL-6 | Fever, acute phase response |
IL-8 | chemotaxis (recruit neutrophils) |
IL-10 | made by macrophages and TH2; inhibits macrophage and dendritic cells |
IL-12 | made by macrophages and dendrites; differentiation of t-cells, increase NK toxins, antiangiogenic, stimulates INF-gamma, TH1 production |
IL-17 | induces inflammatory cytokines and PMN recruitment |
INF-alpha | Type I; antiviral |
INF-beta | Type I; antiviral |
INF-gamma | type II; macrophage and NK activation, IgG, B and MHC production |
G-CSF | Stimulates granulocyte adn stem cells |
M-CSF | stimulates monocytes and macrophages |
GM-CSF | stimulates granulocytes and monocytes |
TGF-beta | inhibitory of macrophage T/B; anti-inflammatory, IgA |
IgM | Complement Activation |
IgG | Fc receptor-dependent phagocyte responses; complement activation; neonatal immunity (placental transfer) |
IgE | Immunity against parasites. Environmental allergens. mast cell degranulation (immediate hypersensitivity) |
IgA | mucosal immunity (transport of IgA thru epithelia |
immunoglobulin which is passed thru the placenta | IgG 1,2,3 & 4 |
What are chemokines | cause cells to move in a certain direction |
IL-13 | made by TH2; B Cell proliferation; IgE production |