Bug Name Labs Toxins Diseases Treatment Transmission Other
Neisseria meningitidis Gram - Coccus, Aerobic,
Catalase +, Oxidase +, Intracellular Diplococci Capsule, Pili, LOS Acute purulent meningitis, Meningococcemia, Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime Colonizes the nasopharynx; Horizontal transmission via respiratory droplets Symptoms: Petechial lesions on trunk
Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome notes:Initially caused by an N. meningitidis infection, progressing to bilateral adrenal hemorrhage, DIC, and coma; rapidly fatal
Neisseria gonorrhea Gram - Coccus, Aerobic,
Catalase +, Oxidase +, Intracellular, Diplococci Endotoxin, Pili, OPa proteins, IgA protease, Beta-Lactamase Gonorrhea, PID, Disseminated gonococcal infection and septic arthritis, ophthalmia neonatorum Ceftriaxone, Cefoxitin and doxycycline, spectinomycin STD (blank)
Staph aureus Gram Positive Cocci, Facultative Anaerobes,
Catalase +, Coagulase +, Beta-hemolytic Alpha toxin (septic shock), Beta toxin (sphingomyelinase), Capsule, Protein A, Penicillinase, Hemolysin, Enterotoxin, TSST-1 Impetigo, Pyoderma, Bateremia/sepsis, Post-viral pneumonia, Osteomyelitis, Infective arthritis, Acute endocarditis, Food poisoning, Scalded Skin Syndrome, TSS Nafcillin, Vanc, 1st Generation cephalosporin, Bactracin Nose/Sneeze, Contact, Nosocomial (blank)
Staph epidermidis Gram Positive Cocci, Facultative Anaerobes,
Catalase +, Coagulase - Glycocalyx Neonatal bateremia and sepsis, Subacuate endocarditis, Prosthetic valve infection Vanc, linezolid, daptomycin Normal flora (blank)
Staph saprophyticus Gram Positive Cocci, Facultative Anaerobes,
Catalase +, Coagulase- Hemaglutinin protein and surface proteins--> attachement to urinary tract epithelial cells UTI Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Normal flora of genitourinary tract (blank)
Strep pyogenes Gram Positive Cocci, Microaerophilic,
Catalase -, Beta-Hemolytic, Bacitracin Sensitive Hyaluronic acid capsule, M Protein, Streptolysins O and S, Pyrogenic Exotoxin, Exoenzymes Pharyngitis, Impetigo, Erysipela, Cellulitis, Puerperal Infection, Necrotizing fasciitis, Scarlet fever, TSLS, Acute rheumatic fever, Post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis Penicillin, Erythromycin, Sulfonamides Normal flora of skin and oropharynx, causing infection with penetration of tissues (blank)
Strep pneumoniae Gram Positive Cocci, Microaerophilic,
Lancet-shaped diplococci, Alpha-hemolytic, Optochin sensitive Capsule, Pneumolysin Pneumococcal lobar pneumonia, Meningitis (adult), Otitis media, Sinusitis, Chronic bronchitis, Conjunctivitis Penicillin, Augmentin, Ceftriaxone, Vanc Normal flora of the upper respiratory tract; Meningitis with spread from sinusitis or otitis media Prevnar (Infants) and Pnuemovax (adults)
Strep agalactiae Gram Positive Cocci, Microaerophilic,
Paired cocci, Catalase -, Beta-hemolytic, Bacitracin resistant Capsule, Sialic acid
Neonatal pneumonia and Meningitis
Penicillin G +/- Gent, Vanc, Ampicillin + Gent
Normal flora of vagina; Vertical transmission at birth
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Strep viridans Gram Positive Cocci, Microaerophilic,
Catalase -, Alpha-hemolytic, Optochin resistant Glycocalyx, Lipoteichoic acid, Glucans
Dental Caries, Subacute endocarditis
Penicillin + Gent, Vanc
Carried in mouth
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Clostridium perfringens Gram + Rods, Anaerobic,
Catalase - Enterotoxins, Alpha toxin Food poisoning, Gas gangrene, Endometritis, Cellulitis Penicillin G, Metronidazole, Hyperbaric oxygen Spores in soil, dust, and air, entering wound sites (blank)
Clostridium tetani Gram + Rods, Anaerobic,
Catalase - Spore-forming; toxin blocks inhibition--> lock jaw, opisthotonic posturing Lockjaw/opisthotonic Metronidazole, Tetanus anti-toxin, Respiratory support, Control of rigidity and spasms with benzodiazepines Spores occur in soil and disease occurs by entry of spores into wound sites; umbilical stump infection in neonates vaccine: DPT
Clostridium difficile Gram + Rods, Anaerobic,
Catalase - Flagella, spores with enterotoxins Pseudomembranous colitis, Bloody diarrhea IV Metronidazole, Oral Vancomycin, Water and electrolytes Spores infecting wound sites (blank)
Clostridium botulinum Gram + Rods, Anaerobic,
Catalase - Blocks acetylcholine release Diffuse paralysis Botulinum anti-toxin, Metronidazole, Vanc Airborne spores (blank)
E. coli Gram - Rods, Facultative Anaerobes,
Lactose fermenting Type I fimbriae Hemolytic uremic syndrome, Cystitis, Pyelonephritis, UTI with indwelling catheter, Neonatal Meningitis (blank) (blank) (blank)
ETEC Gram - Rods, Facultative Anaerobes
CFA pili, LT Toxin (cholera-like), ST Toxin; Non-Invasive Watery, secretory diarrhea known as Traveler's Diarrhea Fluid and electrolyte replacement (blank) Sources: Salads, fruits, vegetables
EPEC Gram - Rods, Facultative Anaerobes
No enterotoxins Secretory and Mucoid Diarrhea Fluid and electrolyte replacement (blank) (blank)
EAgEC Gram - Rods, Facultative Anaerobes
(blank) Secretory Diarrhea Fluid and electrolyte replacement (blank) (blank)
EHEC Gram - Rods, Facultative Anaerobes
Bfp Pilus, Shiga toxin Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, Hemorrhagic Colitis (blank) (blank) Type: O157:H7
Sources: Beef, Apple juice, Radishes
EIEC Gram - Rods, Facultative Anaerobes
Shigella-like Toxin Blood, pus, and mucous in diarrhea (blank) (blank) (blank)
UPEC Gram - Rods, Facultative Anaerobes
(blank) Cystitis, Neonatal Meningitis, UTI, Pyelonephritis Ampicillin, Bactrim, Ampicillin + Gentamycin (blank) (blank)
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Biology Lab Midterm
